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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
A enxaqueca é considerada a terceira patologia mais comum do mundo e possui uma
prevalência total estimada de 14,7%.
Esta patologia é caracterizada por crises recorrentes de cefaleia de intensidade moderada
ou severa que pode ser acompanhada por sintomas sistémicos e neurológicos reversíveis.
Face à sua sintomatologia e recorrência, a enxaqueca acarreta elevada incapacidade e
contribui para a diminuição da qualidade de vida.
Relativamente ao seu diagnóstico, este é clínico e é realizado mediante os critérios
definidos pela 3ª Edição da The International Classification of Headache Disorders.
Habitualmente, os indivíduos que padecem desta patologia identificam diversos fatores
desencadeantes. Os mais frequentemente relatados são o stress, a menstruação, o jejum,
as alterações ambientais, as alterações do sono, o álcool, os estímulos auditivos, olfativos
e visuais, a fadiga e certos tipos de alimentos.
O tratamento agudo da enxaqueca está indicado a todos os indivíduos que padecem desta
patologia e tem como objetivo permitir o alívio rápido e consistente da cefaleia, bem
como, dos sintomas que a acompanham. Apesar de não possuir cura, existe terapêutica
preventiva que visa reduzir a sua frequência, severidade e duração, melhorando, assim,
a qualidade de vida dos indivíduos que padecem desta patologia. Recentemente, o
surgimento de novas terapêuticas poderá revolucionar o tratamento da enxaqueca que
está marcado por elevadas taxas de ineficácia e de contraindicações.
Deste modo, face à elevada incapacidade, à dificuldade de a controlar e ao surgimento de
novas terapêuticas, proponho elaborar uma revisão que vise fornecer uma abordagem
clínica da enxaqueca que explore não só o seu diagnóstico, fisiopatologia e genética, como
também, as terapêuticas mais recentes. Como objetivo último, pretendo que esta revisão
permita a melhor compreensão desta patologia e estabeleça indicações de como a tratar
com sucesso, minimizando, assim, o impacto que possui em milhões de indivíduos.
Migraine is considered the third most common condition in the world and has an estimated total prevalence of 14.7%. This pathology is characterized by recurrent attacks of moderate or severe headache that may be accompanied by reversible systemic and neurological symptoms. Due to its symptoms and recurrence, migraine causes high disability and contributes to reduced quality of life. In regard to its diagnosis, it is clinical and is performed according to the criteria defined by the 3rd Edition of The International Classification of Headache Disorders. Usually, individuals suffering from this pathology identify several trigger factors. The most frequently reported are stress, menstruation, fasting, environmental changes, sleep disturbances, alcohol, auditory, olfactory and visual stimuli, fatigue and certain types of food. The acute treatment of migraine is indicated to everyone who suffers from this pathology and aims to provide rapid and consistent relief from headache, as well as the symptoms that accompany it. Despite not having a cure, there is preventive therapy that aims to reduce its frequency, severity and duration, thus improving the quality of life of individuals suffering from this pathology. Recently, the emergence of new therapies may revolutionize the treatment of migraine, which is marked by high rates of ineffectiveness and contraindications. Furthermore, given the high disability, the difficulty to control it and the emergence of new therapies, I propose to elaborate a review that aims to provide a clinical approach to migraine that explores not only its diagnosis, pathophysiology and genetics, but also the most recent therapies. The chief goal of this review is to provide a better understanding of this pathology and establish best practises on how to successfully treat it, thus minimizing its impact on millions of individuals.
Migraine is considered the third most common condition in the world and has an estimated total prevalence of 14.7%. This pathology is characterized by recurrent attacks of moderate or severe headache that may be accompanied by reversible systemic and neurological symptoms. Due to its symptoms and recurrence, migraine causes high disability and contributes to reduced quality of life. In regard to its diagnosis, it is clinical and is performed according to the criteria defined by the 3rd Edition of The International Classification of Headache Disorders. Usually, individuals suffering from this pathology identify several trigger factors. The most frequently reported are stress, menstruation, fasting, environmental changes, sleep disturbances, alcohol, auditory, olfactory and visual stimuli, fatigue and certain types of food. The acute treatment of migraine is indicated to everyone who suffers from this pathology and aims to provide rapid and consistent relief from headache, as well as the symptoms that accompany it. Despite not having a cure, there is preventive therapy that aims to reduce its frequency, severity and duration, thus improving the quality of life of individuals suffering from this pathology. Recently, the emergence of new therapies may revolutionize the treatment of migraine, which is marked by high rates of ineffectiveness and contraindications. Furthermore, given the high disability, the difficulty to control it and the emergence of new therapies, I propose to elaborate a review that aims to provide a clinical approach to migraine that explores not only its diagnosis, pathophysiology and genetics, but also the most recent therapies. The chief goal of this review is to provide a better understanding of this pathology and establish best practises on how to successfully treat it, thus minimizing its impact on millions of individuals.
Description
Keywords
Diagnóstico Enxaqueca Fatores Desencadeantes Tratamento Agudo Tratamento Preventivo