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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
Introdução: O consumo de tabaco representa um problema de saúde global e atual. A iniciação
deste comportamento ocorre principalmente na adolescência. Modelos, como é o caso do
Comportamento Planeado, do ASE e do I-Change, defendem que a perceção do controlo de um
comportamento pode ser entendida através da combinação entre a autoeficácia e o locus de
controlo. A autoeficácia é medida através da perceção da capacidade para resistir fumar em
diversas situações. De acordo com estes modelos, a perceção do controlo e a autoeficácia são
variáveis com efeito direto no comportamento (além do efeito mediado pela intenção).
Objetivo: Explorar fatores relacionados com o comportamento tabágico nos jovens, em especial
a autoeficácia para não fumar.
Design e Método: Estudo de natureza observacional, quantitativa, transversal, correlacional.
Será explorada a relação entre o comportamento tabágico (variável dependente) e variáveis
demográficas (idade, sexo, nível socioeconómico, comportamento dos pais, …) e a variável
sociocognitiva autoeficácia para não fumar (variável independente). O estudo baseia-se numa
amostra representativa de alunos do 3º ciclo e ensino secundário, pertencentes a escolas de
Portugal Continental selecionados aleatoriamente.
Resultados: A amostra é constituída por 3961 jovens, representativa dos estudantes do 3º Ciclo
e Ensino Secundário de Portugal continental, com idades compreendidas entre os 12 e os 27 anos
(M=15.38). No total, participaram 31 escolas de Portugal Continental. Verifica-se uma maioria de
participantes do sexo feminino (58.6%), e residentes na zona Norte (42.7%) e do 3ª Ciclo (57.7%).
A maioria dos participantes afirma nunca ter fumado (61.2%), enquanto 10.5% fuma
regularmente (pelo menos um cigarro por semana). A maioria dos jovens não demonstra ter
intenção de fumar no futuro (78%). A prevalência dos jovens que já fumaram revela-se superior
em jovens mais velhos, e da região do Alentejo e Algarve.
Observam-se diferenças significativas entre os jovens que nunca fumaram e os que já fumaram,
na intenção de fumar no futuro (os que nunca fumaram demonstram ter menor intenção de fumar
no futuro) e na autoeficácia para não fumar (os primeiros apresentam valores significativamente
superiores aos segundos em todos os seus fatores e itens).
Os itens “Quando os teus/tuas amigos(as) te oferecem um cigarro”, “Quando te sentes nervoso(a)”
e “Quando vais sair o/a(s) teus amigos(as)” destacam-se por ter valores mais baixos. A influência
dos pares também se revelou uma variável de impacto, especialmente ter um melhor amigo/a que
fuma.
Discussão e Conclusões: Os resultados indicam que a maioria dos participantes nunca fumou,
nem demonstra intenção de fumar no futuro. No entanto, uma parte considerável dos jovens desta
idade já iniciou o comportamento tabágico e alguns já fumam regularmente. Estes resultados reforçam a necessidade de desenvolver programas de prevenção do tabagismo dirigidos a este
grupo. A autoeficácia para não fumar revela valores superiores no subgrupo que já fumou em
todos os seus fatores e itens. Estes resultados confirmam a importância da autoeficácia na
compreensão do comportamento tabágico dos jovens portugueses e a relevância de integrar esta
variável nos programas de prevenção do tabagismo.
Introduction: Tobacco consumption represents a current and global health problem. The initiation of this behavior occurs mainly in adolescence. Models, such as the Planned Behavior Model, the ASE Model and the I-Change Model, argue that the perception of control over a behavior can be understood through self-efficacy and the locus of control. Self-efficacy is measured through the perception of the ability to resist in different situations. According to these models, perception of control and self-efficacy are variables with a direct effect on behavior (in addition to the effect mediated by intention). Objective: To explore factors related to smoking behavior in young people, especially selfefficacy to not smoke. Design and Method: A quantitative, cross-sectional, correlational study. The relationship between smoking behavior (dependent variable) and demographic variables (age, sex, socioeconomic level, parental behavior, …) and a sociocognitive variable self-efficacy to not smoke (independent variable) will be explored. The study is based on a representative sample of students from the 3rd cycle and secondary education, belonging to schools in mainland Portugal, selected at random. Results: The sample consists of 3961 young people, representing 3rd Cycle and Secondary Education students from mainland Portugal, aged between 12 and 27 years old (M=15.38). In total, 31 schools from mainland Portugal participated. There is a majority of female participants (58.6%), and residents of the North (42.7%) and 3rd Cycle (57.7%). Most participants claim to have never smoked (61.2%), while 10.5% smoke regularly (at least one cigarette per week). Most young people do not show any intention to smoke in the future (78%). The prevalence of young people who have already smoked is higher in older young people, and in the Alentejo and Algarve regions. There are significant differences between young people who have never smoked and those who have already smoked, in the intention to smoke in the future (those who have never smoked show a lower intention to smoke in the future) and in self-efficacy for not smoking (the former have significantly higher values seconds in all its factors and items). The items “When your friends offer you a cigarette”, “When you feel nervous” and “When are your friends going out” stand out for having values lower. Peer influence was also an impact variable, especially having a best friend who smokes. Discussion and Conclusions: The results indicate that most participants have never smoked, nor do they show any intention to smoke in the future. However, a considerable part of young people of this age have already started smoking and some already smoke regularly. These results reinforce the need to develop smoking prevention programs aimed at this group. Self-efficacy for not smoking reveals higher values in the subgroup that has smoked in all its factors and items. These results confirm the importance of self-efficacy in understanding the smoking behavior of young Portuguese people and the relevance of integrating this variable in smoking prevention programs.
Introduction: Tobacco consumption represents a current and global health problem. The initiation of this behavior occurs mainly in adolescence. Models, such as the Planned Behavior Model, the ASE Model and the I-Change Model, argue that the perception of control over a behavior can be understood through self-efficacy and the locus of control. Self-efficacy is measured through the perception of the ability to resist in different situations. According to these models, perception of control and self-efficacy are variables with a direct effect on behavior (in addition to the effect mediated by intention). Objective: To explore factors related to smoking behavior in young people, especially selfefficacy to not smoke. Design and Method: A quantitative, cross-sectional, correlational study. The relationship between smoking behavior (dependent variable) and demographic variables (age, sex, socioeconomic level, parental behavior, …) and a sociocognitive variable self-efficacy to not smoke (independent variable) will be explored. The study is based on a representative sample of students from the 3rd cycle and secondary education, belonging to schools in mainland Portugal, selected at random. Results: The sample consists of 3961 young people, representing 3rd Cycle and Secondary Education students from mainland Portugal, aged between 12 and 27 years old (M=15.38). In total, 31 schools from mainland Portugal participated. There is a majority of female participants (58.6%), and residents of the North (42.7%) and 3rd Cycle (57.7%). Most participants claim to have never smoked (61.2%), while 10.5% smoke regularly (at least one cigarette per week). Most young people do not show any intention to smoke in the future (78%). The prevalence of young people who have already smoked is higher in older young people, and in the Alentejo and Algarve regions. There are significant differences between young people who have never smoked and those who have already smoked, in the intention to smoke in the future (those who have never smoked show a lower intention to smoke in the future) and in self-efficacy for not smoking (the former have significantly higher values seconds in all its factors and items). The items “When your friends offer you a cigarette”, “When you feel nervous” and “When are your friends going out” stand out for having values lower. Peer influence was also an impact variable, especially having a best friend who smokes. Discussion and Conclusions: The results indicate that most participants have never smoked, nor do they show any intention to smoke in the future. However, a considerable part of young people of this age have already started smoking and some already smoke regularly. These results reinforce the need to develop smoking prevention programs aimed at this group. Self-efficacy for not smoking reveals higher values in the subgroup that has smoked in all its factors and items. These results confirm the importance of self-efficacy in understanding the smoking behavior of young Portuguese people and the relevance of integrating this variable in smoking prevention programs.
Description
Keywords
Adolescência Autoeficácia Comportamento Tabágico