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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
Mais de 40 anos depois dos primeiros casos de Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida
terem sido relatados nos Estados Unidos da América, o Vírus da Imunodeficiência
Humana e a Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida continua a ser uma das maiores
preocupações para a saúde pública a nível mundial, com grandes taxas de transmissão e
mortalidade, sendo por isso a sua cura e prevenção uma das grandes questões da
medicina atual.
Um dos maiores avanços surgiu com a Tratamento Antirretroviral, que permitiu baixar
drasticamente a taxa de morbilidade e mortalidade, e melhorar de forma exponencial a
qualidade de vida dos infetados. Mas mesmo assim uma cura ainda não foi alcançada, e
o número de pessoas a viver com o Vírus da Imunodeficiência Humana continua a
aumentar todos os anos tomando então um papel preponderante a prevenção.
Surge então, aliada aos conhecimentos sobre o tratamento antirretroviral, a Profilaxia
Pós-Exposição, baseada no conceito de usar os mesmos fármacos do tratamento
antirretroviral como profilaxia, após um contacto de risco seja ele por motivos
ocupacionais ou não, tendo apresentado resultados promissores.
Mas continua a haver muitas questões por responder e existe uma profunda falta de
informação por parte da população geral, por isso nesta dissertação procuro informação
e respostas de algumas das principais questões sobre a Profilaxia Pós-Exposição, a cerca
de como funciona o uso e acesso a Profilaxia Pós-Exposição, quais são os riscos e
benefícios associados, qual a sua eficácia, como é a adesão ao tratamento, e como
melhorar a distribuição da informação relevante para a população geral.
Over 40 years after the first cases of Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome were reported in the United States of America, the Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome continue to be one of the major global public health concerns, with high rates of transmission and mortality. Therefore, finding a cure and prevention for it remains one of the key challenges in current medicine. One of the major breakthroughs came with Antiretroviral Therapy, which has dramatically reduced morbidity and mortality rates while exponentially improving the quality of life for those infected. However, a cure has not yet been achieved, and the number of people living with HIV continues to increase each year, highlighting the crucial role of prevention. In this context, Post-Exposure Prophylaxis has emerged alongside the knowledge of antiretroviral therapy. It is based on the concept of using the same drugs used in antiretroviral treatment as prophylaxis after a potential exposure, whether it is due to occupational or non-occupational reasons and has shown promising results in preventing HIV transmission after risk contacts. Nevertheless, there are still many unanswered questions and a profound lack of information among the general population. Therefore, this dissertation aims to address some of the key questions regarding Post-Exposure Prophylaxis. It will explore how PEP works, the associated risks and benefits, its effectiveness, adherence to treatment, and ways to improve the distribution of relevant information to the general population.
Over 40 years after the first cases of Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome were reported in the United States of America, the Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome continue to be one of the major global public health concerns, with high rates of transmission and mortality. Therefore, finding a cure and prevention for it remains one of the key challenges in current medicine. One of the major breakthroughs came with Antiretroviral Therapy, which has dramatically reduced morbidity and mortality rates while exponentially improving the quality of life for those infected. However, a cure has not yet been achieved, and the number of people living with HIV continues to increase each year, highlighting the crucial role of prevention. In this context, Post-Exposure Prophylaxis has emerged alongside the knowledge of antiretroviral therapy. It is based on the concept of using the same drugs used in antiretroviral treatment as prophylaxis after a potential exposure, whether it is due to occupational or non-occupational reasons and has shown promising results in preventing HIV transmission after risk contacts. Nevertheless, there are still many unanswered questions and a profound lack of information among the general population. Therefore, this dissertation aims to address some of the key questions regarding Post-Exposure Prophylaxis. It will explore how PEP works, the associated risks and benefits, its effectiveness, adherence to treatment, and ways to improve the distribution of relevant information to the general population.
Description
Keywords
Pós-Exposição Prevenção Profilaxia Sida Vih