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Abstract(s)
Introdução: A pandemia global de COVID-19, desencadeada pelo coronavírus SARSCoV-2, não só representou um desafio para os sistemas de saúde em todo o mundo, mas
também teve um impacto significativo nas mais diversas esferas da vida humana. Entre
as populações mais vulneráveis, destacam-se as crianças e adolescentes com Perturbação
de Hiperatividade e Défice de Atenção (PHDA), uma condição neurocomportamental
comum na idade pediátrica. A PHDA é caracterizada por padrões persistentes de
desatenção, hiperatividade e impulsividade que interferem no funcionamento social,
académico e ocupacional da criança ou adolescente. A gestão eficaz dessa perturbação
requer uma abordagem multidisciplinar e uma compreensão profunda dos fatores que
influenciam a sua manifestação e progressão. No contexto da pandemia de COVID-19,
diversas mudanças no estilo de vida e nas rotinas diárias foram impostas às crianças e
famílias, incluindo medidas de distanciamento social, interrupção das atividades
escolares presenciais e aumento do tempo de exposição a dispositivos eletrónicos. Essas
alterações podem ter consequências significativas para as crianças com PHDA, cujo
funcionamento já é sensível a mudanças ambientais e de rotina.
Objetivo: Este trabalho tem como objetivo realizar uma revisão sistemática da
literatura sobre os efeitos da pandemia de COVID-19 na PHDA em idade pediátrica. Ao
sintetizar e analisar criticamente as descobertas existentes, procura-se fornecer insights
valiosos para profissionais de saúde, educadores e investigadores interessados na saúde
mental e no bem-estar das crianças e adolescentes com PHDA em tempos de crise global.
Métodos: Com o intuito de assegurar uma pesquisa rigorosa e abrangente, a bibliografia
examinada foi obtida por meio da análise das bases de dados: PubMed, Cochrane e
Elsevier Scopus, como também pela aplicação dos critérios PRISMA, incluíndo artigos
publicados no período compreendido entre 2020 e 2023, abrangendo diversos países e
que envolvessem os termos COVID-19, idade pediátrica e PHDA. Foi analisado o impacto
do isolamento forçado nas mudanças no ambiente, nas rotinas diárias, nas dinâmicas
familiares, na gestão emocional e comportamental, bem como na capacidade de
adaptação no ramo escolar. A população em estudo envolve crianças e adolescentes até
aos 18 anos, tanto do sexo feminino quanto masculino, e que já possuíam o diagnóstico
prévio de PHDA.
Resultados: Dos 248 artigos inicialmente apurados, após a aplicação dos critérios de
inclusão e exclusão, foram selecionados 24 artigos para leitura integral. Com a análise destes obtivemos informações detalhadas sobre as diversas vertentes afetadas, sendo
essas estruturadas e organizadas em alterações psicológicas (ansiedade, tristeza, solidão,
preocupação geral, fadiga e pensamentos negativos), comportamentais (desobediência,
impulsividade, hiperatividade, desatenção, irritabilidade, comportamentos de oposição
e desafio), sociais (isolamento e deterioração das relações familiares) e generalistas
(perturbações do sono, aniquilação do exercício físico, aumento de tempo de ecrã e
impacto a nível académico), na qual englobam consequências resultantes da interação
das categorias anteriores.
Conclusão: No âmbito psicológico, observaram-se modificações nos sintomas de
ansiedade, tristeza, solidão, preocupação geral, fadiga e pensamentos negativos, nos
aspetos comportamentais, houve desregulação dos sintomas fundamentais da PHDA,
como agravamento da desobediência, impulsividade, hiperatividade, desatenção,
irritabilidade, oposição e desafio. Na órbita social, destacou-se o isolamento excessivo
com o impacto nocivo na deterioração das relações familiares e por fim, como
consequência resultante da interação das categorias anteriores, analisamos perturbações
do sono, redução da prática de exercício físico, aumento exponencial do tempo de ecrã e
impacto potencial no desempenho acadêmico. Assim é crucial continuar a investigar e
compreender os efeitos da pandemia na saúde mental desta população, bem como
desenvolver estratégias eficazes para mitigar o impacto negativo.
Introduction: The global COVID-19 pandemic, triggered by the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus, not only posed a challenge to healthcare systems worldwide but also had a significant impact on various spheres of human life. Among the most vulnerable populations are children and adolescents with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), a common neurobehavioral condition in the pediatric age group. ADHD is characterized by persistent patterns of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity that interfere with the social, academic, and occupational functioning of the child or adolescent. The effective management of this disorder requires a multidisciplinary approach and a deep understanding of the factors that influence its manifestation and progression. In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, various changes in lifestyle and daily routines have been imposed on children and families, including social distancing measures, disruption of in-person schooling, and increased screen time. These changes may have significant consequences for children with ADHD, whose functioning is already sensitive to environmental and routine changes. Objective: This paper aims to conduct a systematic review of the literature on the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on ADHD in the pediatric population. By synthesizing and critically analyzing existing findings, valuable insights are sought to be provided for healthcare professionals, educators, and researchers interested in the mental health and well-being of children and adolescents with ADHD in times of global crisis. Methods: In order to ensure a rigorous and comprehensive research, the bibliography examined was obtained through the analysis of the following databases: PubMed, Cochrane, and Elsevier Scopus, as well as by applying the PRISMA criteria. This included articles published between 2020 and 2023, encompassing various countries, and involving the terms COVID-19, pediatric age, and ADHD. The impact of enforced isolation on changes in the environment, daily routines, family dynamics, emotional and behavioral management, as well as adaptability in the school setting, was analyzed. The study population included children and adolescents up to 18 years old, of both genders, who already had a prior diagnosis of ADHD. Results: From the initially identified 248 articles, after applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, 24 articles were selected for full-text reading. Through the analysis of these articles, detailed information was obtained regarding the various affected aspects, which were structured and organized into psychological alterations (anxiety, sadness, loneliness, general worry, fatigue, and negative thoughts), behavioral changes (disobedience, impulsivity, hyperactivity, inattention, irritability, oppositional and defiant behaviors), social impacts (isolation and deterioration of family relationships), and general consequences (sleep disturbances, reduction in physical exercise, increased screen time, and academic impact), encompassing consequences resulting from the interaction of the aforementioned categories. Conclusion: In the psychological realm, modifications were observed in symptoms such as anxiety, sadness, loneliness, general worry, fatigue, and negative thoughts. Regarding behavioral aspects, there was a dysregulation of core symptoms of ADHD, including exacerbation of disobedience, impulsivity, hyperactivity, inattention, irritability, opposition, and defiance. In the social sphere, excessive isolation stood out, with a harmful impact on the deterioration of family relationships. Lastly, as a consequence resulting from the interaction of the previous categories, disturbances in sleep patterns, reduction in physical exercise, exponential increase in screen time, and potential impact on academic performance were analyzed. Therefore, it is crucial to continue investigating and understanding the effects of the pandemic on the mental health of this population, as well as developing effective strategies to mitigate the negative impact.
Introduction: The global COVID-19 pandemic, triggered by the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus, not only posed a challenge to healthcare systems worldwide but also had a significant impact on various spheres of human life. Among the most vulnerable populations are children and adolescents with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), a common neurobehavioral condition in the pediatric age group. ADHD is characterized by persistent patterns of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity that interfere with the social, academic, and occupational functioning of the child or adolescent. The effective management of this disorder requires a multidisciplinary approach and a deep understanding of the factors that influence its manifestation and progression. In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, various changes in lifestyle and daily routines have been imposed on children and families, including social distancing measures, disruption of in-person schooling, and increased screen time. These changes may have significant consequences for children with ADHD, whose functioning is already sensitive to environmental and routine changes. Objective: This paper aims to conduct a systematic review of the literature on the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on ADHD in the pediatric population. By synthesizing and critically analyzing existing findings, valuable insights are sought to be provided for healthcare professionals, educators, and researchers interested in the mental health and well-being of children and adolescents with ADHD in times of global crisis. Methods: In order to ensure a rigorous and comprehensive research, the bibliography examined was obtained through the analysis of the following databases: PubMed, Cochrane, and Elsevier Scopus, as well as by applying the PRISMA criteria. This included articles published between 2020 and 2023, encompassing various countries, and involving the terms COVID-19, pediatric age, and ADHD. The impact of enforced isolation on changes in the environment, daily routines, family dynamics, emotional and behavioral management, as well as adaptability in the school setting, was analyzed. The study population included children and adolescents up to 18 years old, of both genders, who already had a prior diagnosis of ADHD. Results: From the initially identified 248 articles, after applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, 24 articles were selected for full-text reading. Through the analysis of these articles, detailed information was obtained regarding the various affected aspects, which were structured and organized into psychological alterations (anxiety, sadness, loneliness, general worry, fatigue, and negative thoughts), behavioral changes (disobedience, impulsivity, hyperactivity, inattention, irritability, oppositional and defiant behaviors), social impacts (isolation and deterioration of family relationships), and general consequences (sleep disturbances, reduction in physical exercise, increased screen time, and academic impact), encompassing consequences resulting from the interaction of the aforementioned categories. Conclusion: In the psychological realm, modifications were observed in symptoms such as anxiety, sadness, loneliness, general worry, fatigue, and negative thoughts. Regarding behavioral aspects, there was a dysregulation of core symptoms of ADHD, including exacerbation of disobedience, impulsivity, hyperactivity, inattention, irritability, opposition, and defiance. In the social sphere, excessive isolation stood out, with a harmful impact on the deterioration of family relationships. Lastly, as a consequence resulting from the interaction of the previous categories, disturbances in sleep patterns, reduction in physical exercise, exponential increase in screen time, and potential impact on academic performance were analyzed. Therefore, it is crucial to continue investigating and understanding the effects of the pandemic on the mental health of this population, as well as developing effective strategies to mitigate the negative impact.
Description
Keywords
Confinamento Covid-19 Crianças Efeito Impacto Jovens Pandemia Phda Saúde Mental