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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
Introdução: Os abortos recorrentes são um problema de saúde reprodutiva, com uma
incidência de 2 a 5% nos casais. Esta patologia tem um grande impacto na saúde física e
mental da mulher, com várias causas possíveis, apesar de ainda, aproximadamente, 50%
dos casos serem idiopáticos.
Objetivo: Com esta dissertação pretende-se reunir o conhecimento existente sobre as
várias vertentes desta doença, desde a sua incidência, causas, avaliação clínica,
tratamento e prognóstico.
Metodologia: A pesquisa bibliográfica foi realizada na plataforma PubMed entre abril de
2020 e março de 2021.
Resultados e Conclusões: Concluiu-se que é possível que a sua incidência tenha vindo a
aumentar e que possa estar associada ao aumento da idade materna e/ou ao aumento de
fatores de risco para abortos espontâneos. Os abortos recorrentes têm múltiplas causas
possíveis: trombofílicas, fatores metabólicos e endocrinológicos, alterações do cariótipo
cromossómico, anatómicas, infeções e fatores ambientais e psicológicos. Algumas destas
causas continuam a ser objeto de controvérsia no seu impacto e necessidade de
tratamento, sendo necessário uma maior uniformização da informação disponível, com
vista a permitir elaborar recomendações mais concretas. É possível verificar uma
evolução no conhecimento dos mecanismos existentes por detrás dos abortos
recorrentes idiopáticos, sendo importante avançar nos tratamentos que poderão
beneficiar estes casais, existindo alguns em estudo. Na avaliação clínica é necessária uma
pesquisa detalhada com múltiplos exames e interajuda entre profissionais de várias áreas.
As mulheres com abortos recorrentes têm risco mais elevado de complicações nas
gravidezes subsequentes e um risco maior de doenças cardiovasculares. Em relação à
definição desta patologia seria interessante haver uma maior uniformização para
melhorar a qualidade dos resultados dos futuros estudos nesta área.
Introduction: Recurrent miscarriages are a reproductive health problem, with an incidence of 2 to 5% of couples. This pathology has a major impact on women's physical and mental health and there are several possible causes, although, approximately, 50% of cases are still idiopathic. Objective: This dissertation had the intention to gather the existing knowledge about the various aspects of this disease, from its incidence, causes, clinical evaluation, treatment and prognosis. Methodology: The literature search was carried out on the PubMed platform between April 2020 and March 2021. Discussion and Conclusion: It was concluded that it is possible that its incidence has been increasing and that it may be associated with an increase in maternal age and/or an increase in risk factors for spontaneous abortions. Recurrent abortions have multiple possible causes such as: thrombophilic, metabolic and endocrinological factors, changes in the chromosomal karyotype, anatomical, infections and environmental and psychological factors. Some of these causes are still controversial in terms of their impact and need for treatment, requiring greater standardization of the available information, to allow the elaboration of more concrete recommendations. It is possible to verify that there is an evolution in the knowledge of the mechanisms that exist behind the recurrent idiopathic abortions, being important to advance in the treatments that could benefit these couples, while some are already being carried out. In clinical evaluation, detailed research with multiple exams and mutual help among professionals from various areas is necessary. Women with recurrent miscarriages are at a higher risk of complications in subsequent pregnancies and have an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Regarding the definition of this pathology, it would be interesting to have a better standardization to improve the quality of the results of future studies in this area.
Introduction: Recurrent miscarriages are a reproductive health problem, with an incidence of 2 to 5% of couples. This pathology has a major impact on women's physical and mental health and there are several possible causes, although, approximately, 50% of cases are still idiopathic. Objective: This dissertation had the intention to gather the existing knowledge about the various aspects of this disease, from its incidence, causes, clinical evaluation, treatment and prognosis. Methodology: The literature search was carried out on the PubMed platform between April 2020 and March 2021. Discussion and Conclusion: It was concluded that it is possible that its incidence has been increasing and that it may be associated with an increase in maternal age and/or an increase in risk factors for spontaneous abortions. Recurrent abortions have multiple possible causes such as: thrombophilic, metabolic and endocrinological factors, changes in the chromosomal karyotype, anatomical, infections and environmental and psychological factors. Some of these causes are still controversial in terms of their impact and need for treatment, requiring greater standardization of the available information, to allow the elaboration of more concrete recommendations. It is possible to verify that there is an evolution in the knowledge of the mechanisms that exist behind the recurrent idiopathic abortions, being important to advance in the treatments that could benefit these couples, while some are already being carried out. In clinical evaluation, detailed research with multiple exams and mutual help among professionals from various areas is necessary. Women with recurrent miscarriages are at a higher risk of complications in subsequent pregnancies and have an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Regarding the definition of this pathology, it would be interesting to have a better standardization to improve the quality of the results of future studies in this area.
Description
Keywords
Prognóstico Abortos Espontâneos Abortos Recorrentes Avaliação Causas Incidência Tratamento