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Abstract(s)
O presente trabalho experimental apresenta conteúdos de cunho maioritariamente explicativo e de forma coesa através de um entrelaçamento lógico de ideias. Esta dissertação incide precisamente sobre o desenvolvimento e construção de um protótipo e o estudo de estratégias distintas para a optimização da secagem de alimentos a partir da energia solar. A principal variável em estudo é o rendimento do secador solar e consequentemente a qualidade do produto final. Com o intuito de otimizar o sistema e aumentar a velocidade de secagem optou-se por acoplar um painel fotovoltaico que irá alimentar uma carga resistiva, obtendo assim uma temperatura do ar mais elevada que entrará na câmara de secagem.
Primeiramente, apresentam-se algumas considerações acerca da panóplia de aplicações e métodos de aproveitamento da energia solar, realçando o quão importante é conservar produtos agroalimentares através da sua secagem. Para elucidar este conceito começa-se por rever alguns modelos existentes de secadores solares desenvolvidos em diversos países, realçando os mais eficientes e representativos de cada categoria, de forma a entender o trabalho já concebido nesta área. Para cada modelo diferente é caracterizado o dimensionamento, conceção e a sua respectiva construção. Igualmente, foi recolhida informação relativa à sua constituição, energia total produzida e registadas algumas anomalias presentes no seu funcionamento.
Todos os resultados experimentais apresentados foram obtidos em ensaios durante o verão de 2016 cujos resultados demonstram as vantagens e desvantagens de cada estratégia adotada. Para cada um dos ensaios foi registada a temperatura ambiente, a respectiva temperatura no interior da câmara de secagem, os valores da radiação solar, a tensão da bateria, do painel e a potência na carga. Por fim, foram calculados e discutidos parâmetros de desempenho, o que possibilitou retirar uma panóplia de conclusões referentes ao modus operandi e dimensionamento deste género de unidades. Com a finalidade de beneficiar o máximo da energia gerada, e assim diminuir o desperdício, foram apontadas certas medidas que fomentam a utilização correta de painéis solares na secagem de produtos agrícolas. Todo o trabalho desenvolvido é com o fim de vir a ser adotado por diferentes produtores agrícolas.
This experimental work presents content of mostly explanatory nature and cohesively through a network of logical ideas. This dissertation focuses specifically on the development and construction of a prototype and the study of different strategies for the optimization of food drying from solar energy. The main study variable is the efficiency of the solar dryer, and therefore the quality of the final product. In order to optimize the system and increase the drying rate it was decided to couple a photovoltaic panel which will power a resistive load - thus obtaining higher air temperature which enters the drying chamber. First, are shown some considerations about the range of applications and methods of harnessing solar energy, emphasizing how important it is to conserve food products through solar drying. To elucidate this concept existing models of solar dryers are reviewed. Models developed in different countries, highlighting the most efficient and representative of each category, in order to understand the work already developed in this area. For each different model is characterized their dimensioning, designing and their respective construction. It was also collected information relative to its constitution, the total energy produced and detected anomalies. All experimental results were obtained in drying trials during the summer of 2016. These results demonstrate the advantages and disadvantages of each strategy adopted. For each test it was recorded the ambient temperature, its temperature inside the drying chamber, the values of solar radiation, the battery voltage and the power of the panel and the load. Finally, calculations were made and performance parameters discussed, allowing to take conclusions about the modus operandi and design of this type of units. In order to benefit the most of the energy generated, and thus reduce waste, certain measures have been identified that promote the correct use of solar panels for drying agricultural products. All of this work is for the purpose of being adopted by different farmers.
This experimental work presents content of mostly explanatory nature and cohesively through a network of logical ideas. This dissertation focuses specifically on the development and construction of a prototype and the study of different strategies for the optimization of food drying from solar energy. The main study variable is the efficiency of the solar dryer, and therefore the quality of the final product. In order to optimize the system and increase the drying rate it was decided to couple a photovoltaic panel which will power a resistive load - thus obtaining higher air temperature which enters the drying chamber. First, are shown some considerations about the range of applications and methods of harnessing solar energy, emphasizing how important it is to conserve food products through solar drying. To elucidate this concept existing models of solar dryers are reviewed. Models developed in different countries, highlighting the most efficient and representative of each category, in order to understand the work already developed in this area. For each different model is characterized their dimensioning, designing and their respective construction. It was also collected information relative to its constitution, the total energy produced and detected anomalies. All experimental results were obtained in drying trials during the summer of 2016. These results demonstrate the advantages and disadvantages of each strategy adopted. For each test it was recorded the ambient temperature, its temperature inside the drying chamber, the values of solar radiation, the battery voltage and the power of the panel and the load. Finally, calculations were made and performance parameters discussed, allowing to take conclusions about the modus operandi and design of this type of units. In order to benefit the most of the energy generated, and thus reduce waste, certain measures have been identified that promote the correct use of solar panels for drying agricultural products. All of this work is for the purpose of being adopted by different farmers.
Description
Keywords
Células Fotovoltaicas Energia Solar Métodos de Secagem Secador Solar Setor Agrícola