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A avaliação do distress psicológico: Revisão sistemática sobre a Kessler Psychological Distress Scale
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Abstract(s)
O distress pode ser descrito, genericamente, como um estado de sofrimento emocional, resultando numa combinação de indicadores psicológicos, como baixa autoestima, desesperança, desamparo, confusão do pensamento, tristeza, ansiedade, sintomas psicosomáticos, sinais de ‘stress’ ou tensão, e sintomas de ansiedade ou depressão. O presente trabalho teve como principal objetivo compreender as características psicométricas da Escala de Distress PSicológico de Kessler em diferentes populações e culturas. Para isso, foi realizada uma revisão sistemática da literatura (RSL), seguindo o modelo PRISMA, a fim de reduzir o risco de vieses nos resultados. A pesquisa foi realizada em bases de dados como Web of Science, Scopus e PubMed, utilizando estudos publicados entre os anos de 2014 e 2024. A revisão incluiu 12 estudos quantitativos que atenderam aos critérios de inclusão estabelecidos. A maioria dos autores considera o distress como uma resposta do organismo a tensões internas e externas, com sintomas como baixa autoestima, tristeza, ansiedade e desesperança, afetando o desempenho diário e podendo agravar doenças crônicas, sendo a Escala de Distress Psicológico de Kessler (K10 e K6) um dos instrumentos utilizados para avaliar e identificar esta sintomatologia de forma consistente. Os artigos presentes neste estudo sugerem, genericamente, que a Escala de Distress Psicológico de Kessler apresenta boas características psicométricas, ainda que seja necessário desenvolver mais estudos visando o estabelecimento de normas clínicas mais específicas para populações culturalmente diferentes. Em termos gerais, as versões traduzidas estudadas constituem um bom instrumento de rastreio ou screening do distress.
Distress can be broadly described as a state of emotional suffering, resulting from a combination of psychological indicators such as low self-esteem, hopelessness, helplessness, cognitive confusion, sadness, anxiety, psychophysiological symptoms, and signs of stress or tension, anxiety, or depressive symptoms, which may also affect chronic diseases. The main objective of the present work was to understand the psychometric characteristics of the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale in different populations and cultures. To achieve this, a systematic literature review (SLR) was conducted, following the PRISMA model to reduce the risk of bias in the results. The research was carried out in databases such as Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed, using studies published between 2014 and 2024. The review included 12 quantitative studies that met the established inclusion criteria. Most authors describe distress as a psychological response to internal and external tensions, with symptoms such as low self-esteem, sadness, anxiety, and hopelessness, affecting daily performance and potentially aggravating chronic diseases. The Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10 and K6) is one of the instruments used to consistently assess and identify this symptomatology. The articles included in this study generally suggest that the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale presents good psychometric properties, although further studies are needed to establish more specific clinical norms for culturally diverse populations. Overall, the translated versions studied are considered to be good screening tools for distress.
Distress can be broadly described as a state of emotional suffering, resulting from a combination of psychological indicators such as low self-esteem, hopelessness, helplessness, cognitive confusion, sadness, anxiety, psychophysiological symptoms, and signs of stress or tension, anxiety, or depressive symptoms, which may also affect chronic diseases. The main objective of the present work was to understand the psychometric characteristics of the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale in different populations and cultures. To achieve this, a systematic literature review (SLR) was conducted, following the PRISMA model to reduce the risk of bias in the results. The research was carried out in databases such as Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed, using studies published between 2014 and 2024. The review included 12 quantitative studies that met the established inclusion criteria. Most authors describe distress as a psychological response to internal and external tensions, with symptoms such as low self-esteem, sadness, anxiety, and hopelessness, affecting daily performance and potentially aggravating chronic diseases. The Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10 and K6) is one of the instruments used to consistently assess and identify this symptomatology. The articles included in this study generally suggest that the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale presents good psychometric properties, although further studies are needed to establish more specific clinical norms for culturally diverse populations. Overall, the translated versions studied are considered to be good screening tools for distress.
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Keywords
Características Psicométricas Confiabilidade Distress Escala de Kessler K10 K6 Validade