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Abstract(s)
Introdução: A diabetes é um problema de saúde pública, sendo uma importante causa
de morbimortalidade. Esta deve-se principalmente ao grande espectro de complicações,
das quais se destaca a Doença Cardiovascular. Neste contexto, devem reunir-se esforços
para combater a epidemia da diabetes, sendo a promoção da literacia, capacitação e
adesão à terapêutica potenciais meios para atingir esse objetivo.
Objetivos: Perceber a relação entre literacia em saúde e complicações cardiovasculares
(enfarte agudo do miocárdio, acidente vascular cerebral, acidente isquémico transitório e
doença cardíaca isquémica) em pessoas com diabetes tipo 2, bem como perceber se essa
relação é independente de variáveis sociodemográficas, capacitação e adesão à terapêutica.
Secundariamente, avaliar a relação entre as complicações cardiovasculares e capacitação,
adesão à terapêutica e qualidade de vida.
Material e Métodos: Estudo transversal exploratório que recorreu a uma amostra de
conveniência de pessoas com diabetes tipo 2, do litoral e interior da região centro de
Portugal. Recolheram-se dados sociodemográficos e clínicos (pressão arterial, colesterol
LDL, hemoglobina glicada e historial de doenças cardiovasculares) e aplicaram-se escalas
validadas para avaliar a literacia em saúde, adesão à terapêutica, capacitação e qualidade
de vida. Através do Teste de Mann-Whitney analisou-se a relação entre literacia e doenças
cardiovasculares, bem como destas últimas com as restantes variáveis. A Regressão
Logística (forward conditional) permitiu avaliar se a literacia se associa
independentemente das outras variáveis às complicações cardiovasculares.
Resultados: Amostra de 202 pessoas, 57,43% homens, média de idades 68,11±10,19
anos. Uma maior literacia em saúde associou-se significativamente (p=0,015) à menor
prevalência de doenças cardiovasculares. Essa relação foi independente das restantes
variáveis. Por cada termo real a mais reconhecido na escala de literacia, a probabilidade de
ter complicações cardiovasculares diminui em cerca de 5,3%. Demonstraram-se relações
significativas entre doença cardiovascular e qualidade de vida (p=0,001), adesão à
terapêutica total (p=0,045), alimentação geral (p=0,002), atividade física (p=0,027),
idade (p=0,004) e colesterol LDL (p=0,036).
Conclusão: Este estudo sugere que a promoção da literacia em saúde nos pacientes com
diabetes tipo 2 poderá reduzir a morbimortalidade associada pelas doenças
cardiovasculares. Essa promoção deve ser feita de forma individualizada, reforçando a
importância de estilos de vida saudáveis. Perspetiva-se que a promoção da literacia em saúde permitirá a construção de uma sociedade mais saudável e sustentável, sendo
necessários estudos mais alargados e longitudinais para estabelecer melhor a cadeia de
causalidade entre literacia em saúde e doença cardiovascular na diabetes tipo 2.
Introduction: Diabetes is a problem of public health, being an important cause of morbidity and mortality. This is mainly due to the broad spectrum of complications, of which stands out cardiovascular disease. In this context, efforts should be gathered to oppose this diabetes epidemic, being the promotion of health literacy, empowerment and therapeutic adhesion potential means to reach that objective. Objectives: To understand the relationship between health literacy and cardiovascular complications (acute myocardial infarction, stroke, transient ischemic attack and ischemic cardiac disease) in people with type 2 diabetes, as well as to understand if that relationship is independent of sociodemographic, empowerment and therapeutic adhesion variables. As secondary objective, to access the relationship between cardiovascular complications and empowerment, therapeutic adhesion and quality of life. Material and methods: Exploratory cross-sectional study that used a convenience sample of people with type 2 diabetes, from coastal and inland of central Portugal. Sociodemographic and clinical data (arterial pressure, LDL cholesterol, glycated hemoglobin and cardiovascular disease history) were collected and validated scales were used to assess health literacy, therapeutic adhesion, empowerment and quality of life. Mann-Whitney Test was applied to analyze the relationship between health literacy and cardiovascular disease, as well as of the latter with the remaining variables. Logistic Regression (forward conditional) allowed us to assess whether literacy is associated with cardiovascular complications independently of other variables. Results: Sample of 202 people, 57,43% men, mean age 68±10,19 years. A major health literacy was associated significantly (p=0,015) with a lower prevalence of cardiovascular disease. This relationship was independent of the remaining variable. For each real term most recognized on the literacy scale, the probability of having cardiovascular complications decreases about 5,3%. Significant relationships have been demonstrated between cardiovascular disease and quality of life (p=0,001), adhesion to total therapy (p=0,045), general eating habits (p=0,002), physical activity (p=0,027), age (p=0,004) and LDL cholesterol (p=0,036). Conclusion: This study suggests that the promotion of health literacy in patients with type 2 diabetes may reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with cardiovascular diseases. This promotion must be carried out individually, reinforcing the importance of healthy lifestyles. It is expected that the promotion of health literacy will allow the construction of a healthier and more sustainable society, requiring more extensive and longitudinal studies to better establish the chain of causality between health literacy and cardiovascular disease in type 2 diabetes.
Introduction: Diabetes is a problem of public health, being an important cause of morbidity and mortality. This is mainly due to the broad spectrum of complications, of which stands out cardiovascular disease. In this context, efforts should be gathered to oppose this diabetes epidemic, being the promotion of health literacy, empowerment and therapeutic adhesion potential means to reach that objective. Objectives: To understand the relationship between health literacy and cardiovascular complications (acute myocardial infarction, stroke, transient ischemic attack and ischemic cardiac disease) in people with type 2 diabetes, as well as to understand if that relationship is independent of sociodemographic, empowerment and therapeutic adhesion variables. As secondary objective, to access the relationship between cardiovascular complications and empowerment, therapeutic adhesion and quality of life. Material and methods: Exploratory cross-sectional study that used a convenience sample of people with type 2 diabetes, from coastal and inland of central Portugal. Sociodemographic and clinical data (arterial pressure, LDL cholesterol, glycated hemoglobin and cardiovascular disease history) were collected and validated scales were used to assess health literacy, therapeutic adhesion, empowerment and quality of life. Mann-Whitney Test was applied to analyze the relationship between health literacy and cardiovascular disease, as well as of the latter with the remaining variables. Logistic Regression (forward conditional) allowed us to assess whether literacy is associated with cardiovascular complications independently of other variables. Results: Sample of 202 people, 57,43% men, mean age 68±10,19 years. A major health literacy was associated significantly (p=0,015) with a lower prevalence of cardiovascular disease. This relationship was independent of the remaining variable. For each real term most recognized on the literacy scale, the probability of having cardiovascular complications decreases about 5,3%. Significant relationships have been demonstrated between cardiovascular disease and quality of life (p=0,001), adhesion to total therapy (p=0,045), general eating habits (p=0,002), physical activity (p=0,027), age (p=0,004) and LDL cholesterol (p=0,036). Conclusion: This study suggests that the promotion of health literacy in patients with type 2 diabetes may reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with cardiovascular diseases. This promotion must be carried out individually, reinforcing the importance of healthy lifestyles. It is expected that the promotion of health literacy will allow the construction of a healthier and more sustainable society, requiring more extensive and longitudinal studies to better establish the chain of causality between health literacy and cardiovascular disease in type 2 diabetes.
Description
Keywords
Adesão à Terapêutica Capacitação Complicações Cardiovasculares Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 Literacia Em Saúde Qualidade de Vida Relacionada Com A Saúde