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Abstract(s)
A diabetes mellitus tipo 1 é uma doença crónica auto-imune,
caracterizada pela destruição selectiva das células nos ilhéus pancreáticos,
resultando numa perda lenta e progressiva da secreção de insulina e para a
qual contribuem factores ambientais e factores de predisposição genética.
Vários estudos epidemiológicos e experimentais sugerem que a vitamina
D tem um efeito protector contra o desenvolvimento da diabetes mellitus tipo 1,
através da modulação da resposta do sistema imunitário, assim como um efeito
protector contra o desenvolvimento de vários tipos de cancros, outras doenças
auto-imunes, doenças cardiovasculares ou mesmo da diabetes mellitus tipo 2.
O papel desta vitamina na manutenção da homeostase do cálcio e
fósforo é reconhecido há décadas. Porém, a recente descoberta da existência
de receptores de vitamina D em vários tecidos, assim como a capacidade
destes para transformar 25(OH)D no metabolito mais activo, 1,25(OH)2D3
parece guiar esta molécula para um futuro promissor.
Este trabalho visa discutir o efeito protector da vitamina D contra o
desenvolvimento da diabetes mellitus tipo 1, salientando as consequências da
deficiência de vitamina D e a contribuição da sua suplementação para a
prevenção desta patologia, assim como identificar o efeito dos polimorfismos
de genes envolvidos no metabolismo e acção da vitamina D, sobre a
susceptibilidade para a diabetes mellitus tipo 1, através de uma revisão e
análise da literatura científica mais relevante, publicada até à data.
Type 1 diabetes mellitus is a chronic autoimmune disease, characterized by a selective destruction of β cells of the pancreatic islets, resulting in a slow and progressive loss of insulin secretion and for which environmental factors and genetic predisposition factors. Several epidemiological and experimental studies suggest that vitamin D may have a protective effect against the development of type 1 diabetes mellitus, through a mechanism of modulation of the immune response, and also a protective effect against the development of several types of cancer, other immune-mediated diseases, cardiovascular diseases and even diabetes mellitus type 2. The role of this vitamin in the maintenance of calcium and phosphorus homeostasis has been acknowledged for decades. However, the recent discover of vitamin D receptors in several tissues and their ability to convert 25(OH)D into the most active metabolite, 1,25(OH)2D3 appears to guide this molecule to a promising future. This review aims to discuss the protective effect of vitamin D against the development of type 1 diabetes mellitus, focusing on the consequences of vitamin D deficiency, the contribution of its supplementation for the prevention of this pathology, the identification of the effect of polymorphisms in genes involved in the metabolism, and action of vitamin D on the susceptibility to type 1 diabetes mellitus, by means of a relevant scientific literature analysis and review, of the latest published research.
Type 1 diabetes mellitus is a chronic autoimmune disease, characterized by a selective destruction of β cells of the pancreatic islets, resulting in a slow and progressive loss of insulin secretion and for which environmental factors and genetic predisposition factors. Several epidemiological and experimental studies suggest that vitamin D may have a protective effect against the development of type 1 diabetes mellitus, through a mechanism of modulation of the immune response, and also a protective effect against the development of several types of cancer, other immune-mediated diseases, cardiovascular diseases and even diabetes mellitus type 2. The role of this vitamin in the maintenance of calcium and phosphorus homeostasis has been acknowledged for decades. However, the recent discover of vitamin D receptors in several tissues and their ability to convert 25(OH)D into the most active metabolite, 1,25(OH)2D3 appears to guide this molecule to a promising future. This review aims to discuss the protective effect of vitamin D against the development of type 1 diabetes mellitus, focusing on the consequences of vitamin D deficiency, the contribution of its supplementation for the prevention of this pathology, the identification of the effect of polymorphisms in genes involved in the metabolism, and action of vitamin D on the susceptibility to type 1 diabetes mellitus, by means of a relevant scientific literature analysis and review, of the latest published research.
Description
Keywords
Vitamina D Vitamina D - Diabetes mellitus tipo 1 Vitamina D - Diabetes mellitus tipo 1 - Aspectos genéticos
Pedagogical Context
Citation
Publisher
Universidade da Beira Interior