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Abstract(s)
Este trabalho encontra-se dividido em dois capítulos. O primeiro refere-se ao relatório de estágio decorrente da experiência em farmácia comunitária e o segundo capítulo resulta do trabalho de investigação relacionado com a utilização de descongestionantes nasais.
Capítulo I: O estágio em farmácia comunitária foi realizado na Farmácia São Cosme, na Covilhã, desde o dia 3 de fevereiro de 2014 até ao dia 20 de junho de 2014. O estágio contou com a supervisão do Dr. Carlos Tavares e da sua restante equipa. Tratou-se de uma experiência bastante enriquecedora onde tive a oportunidade de colocar em prática muitos dos conhecimentos teóricos previamente adquiridos ao longo deste percurso académico. Durante este período tive a oportunidade de acompanhar todas as atividades desenvolvidas no quotidiano de uma farmácia comunitária, e tomar consciência do importante papel do farmacêutico enquanto promotor de saúde. Através deste relatório pretendi descrever as atividades desenvolvidas numa farmácia desde o ato farmacêutico, até às normas e regulamentos que regem a prática farmacêutica, bem como os conhecimentos adquiridos.
Capítulo II: Apesar da escassa exploração nesta temática, estima-se que cerca de 17,9% dos portugueses sofram de congestão nasal, com maior incidência no sexo feminino. Os descongestionantes nasais permitem a obtenção do alívio deste sintoma de forma rápida e eficaz. No entanto, o uso indevido e/ou prolongado destes produtos poderá trazer graves consequências para a saúde. Neste sentido, pretendeu-se obter um perfil de utilização de descongestionantes nasais por parte da população da Cova da Beira, bem como avaliar a possível ocorrência de efeitos adversos e interações medicamentosas.
Assim, esta investigação foi realizada com base na informação recolhida de 161 inquéritos e procedeu-se a um tratamento estatístico e inferencial dos dados. Da análise dos resultados verificou-se que a maioria dos inquiridos pertence à faixa etária dos 18 aos 28 anos (29,19%) e obteve-se uma média de idades de 40,73 anos em que a maioria pertence ao sexo feminino (55,28%). Os inquiridos mencionaram utilizar maioritariamente descongestionantes tópicos (87,58%) e os medicamentos mais referidos foram o Vibrocil® (29,08%) e o Nasex® (23,40%). O fator mais apontado pelos participantes para a sua utilização foi a obstrução nasal (50,31%) e, na maioria dos casos, o descongestionante foi indicado pelo médico (39,1%). Dos 161 indivíduos, 70 (43,5%) referiram sentir efeitos adversos e 11 participantes (6,83%) admitiram fazer uso dependente dos descongestionantes nasais. Cerca de 103 doentes utilizaram outros medicamentos juntamente com os descongestionantes no entanto nada de significativo se concluiu quanto à ocorrência de interações medicamentosas pois não foram mencionados efeitos adversos decorrentes desta coadministração.
Assim, conclui-se que, quer os descongestionantes tópicos quer os sistémicos, não são desprovidos de efeitos adversos, pelo que, fatores como um correto modo de aplicação/administração e a sua utilização durante um curto período, são fundamentais para obter benefícios esperados destes medicamentos. Para isso, um adequado aconselhamento no momento da aquisição destes medicamentos e o esclarecimento dos doentes acerca dos riscos do seu uso indevido ou continuado, podem contribuir para reduzir os riscos provenientes da sua utilização.
This work is divided in two chapters. The first one involves to the internship report, resulting from the Community Pharmacy experience, and the second chapter results from the research work related with the usage of nasal decongestants. Chapter I: The internship in Community Pharmacy was held in “Farmácia São Cosme”, Covilhã, from February, 3rd until June, 20th, 2014. The internship was supervised by Dr. Carlos Tavares and his team. It was an enriching experience where I had the opportunity to put in place my academic knowledge acquired along my Degree. In this period, I had the chance to follow all the developed activities during the daily basis standard activity of a Community Pharmacy, and be aware of the outstanding role held by a Pharmaceutical as Health promoter. Through this report, I planned to describe the main tasks developed by a Pharmacy, starting with the pharmaceutical act, until the regulations and standards governing the pharmaceutical practice as well as the acquired knowledge. Chapter II: Despite the limited available knowledge in this area, it is estimated that near 17.9% of the Portuguese population suffers from nasal congestion, with more incidence in the female sex. The nasal decongestants allow obtaining symptoms mitigation in a fast and efficient way. However, the inappropriate or longstanding usage of these drugs can bring serious healthy consequences. Therefore, it was intended to draw a usage profile of nasal decongestants in Cova da Beira population, and also to evaluate the occurrence of adverse effects and drug interaction. This research was based on the collected data in 161 inquiries. The data was subjected to a descriptive and inferential statistical processing and it has been found that the majority of the respondents belongs to the 18-28 age group (29,19%). The average age is 40,73 years old, where the majority were female users (55,28%). The respondents mainly referred the use of topical decongestants (87,58%) and the mainly used drugs were Vibrocil® (29,08%) and Nasex® (23,40%). The reason mainly described by the respondents to use nasal decongestants was nasal obstruction (50,31%) and, in the majority of cases, they were recommended by their physician (39,1%). From the 161 individuals, 70 (43,5%) mentioned adverse effects and 11 (6,83%) admitted dependent usage of nasal decongestants. Near 103 patients used other drugs jointly with decongestants. However, no clear conclusions were taken regarding the drug interaction occurrence because there were not mentioned any adverse effects, resulting from this usage. Therefore, the conclusion is that both, topical and systemic decongestants are not devoid of adverse effects, whereby adverse factors such as the correct usage/administration and usage during a short period of time, are critical to obtain maximal benefits from those drugs. To accomplish such results, the proper counseling and clarification of the patients about the risks of the inappropriate and long term usage during the purchase of these drugs seems to contribute to the risk mitigation from this usage.
This work is divided in two chapters. The first one involves to the internship report, resulting from the Community Pharmacy experience, and the second chapter results from the research work related with the usage of nasal decongestants. Chapter I: The internship in Community Pharmacy was held in “Farmácia São Cosme”, Covilhã, from February, 3rd until June, 20th, 2014. The internship was supervised by Dr. Carlos Tavares and his team. It was an enriching experience where I had the opportunity to put in place my academic knowledge acquired along my Degree. In this period, I had the chance to follow all the developed activities during the daily basis standard activity of a Community Pharmacy, and be aware of the outstanding role held by a Pharmaceutical as Health promoter. Through this report, I planned to describe the main tasks developed by a Pharmacy, starting with the pharmaceutical act, until the regulations and standards governing the pharmaceutical practice as well as the acquired knowledge. Chapter II: Despite the limited available knowledge in this area, it is estimated that near 17.9% of the Portuguese population suffers from nasal congestion, with more incidence in the female sex. The nasal decongestants allow obtaining symptoms mitigation in a fast and efficient way. However, the inappropriate or longstanding usage of these drugs can bring serious healthy consequences. Therefore, it was intended to draw a usage profile of nasal decongestants in Cova da Beira population, and also to evaluate the occurrence of adverse effects and drug interaction. This research was based on the collected data in 161 inquiries. The data was subjected to a descriptive and inferential statistical processing and it has been found that the majority of the respondents belongs to the 18-28 age group (29,19%). The average age is 40,73 years old, where the majority were female users (55,28%). The respondents mainly referred the use of topical decongestants (87,58%) and the mainly used drugs were Vibrocil® (29,08%) and Nasex® (23,40%). The reason mainly described by the respondents to use nasal decongestants was nasal obstruction (50,31%) and, in the majority of cases, they were recommended by their physician (39,1%). From the 161 individuals, 70 (43,5%) mentioned adverse effects and 11 (6,83%) admitted dependent usage of nasal decongestants. Near 103 patients used other drugs jointly with decongestants. However, no clear conclusions were taken regarding the drug interaction occurrence because there were not mentioned any adverse effects, resulting from this usage. Therefore, the conclusion is that both, topical and systemic decongestants are not devoid of adverse effects, whereby adverse factors such as the correct usage/administration and usage during a short period of time, are critical to obtain maximal benefits from those drugs. To accomplish such results, the proper counseling and clarification of the patients about the risks of the inappropriate and long term usage during the purchase of these drugs seems to contribute to the risk mitigation from this usage.
Description
Keywords
Congestão Nasal Dependência Descongestionantes Nasais Efeitos Adversos Farmácia Comunitária