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Relação entre violência nas relações íntimas e o cancro do colo do útero: Uma revisão integrada de literatura
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Abstract(s)
Introdução: A violência nas relações íntimas (VRI) é um problema global que afeta
mulheres de todas as idades e níveis socioeconómicos e que apresenta um impacto
significativo na saúde física, mental, sexual e reprodutiva. A associação entre VRI e o
cancro do colo do útero pode ser explicada por vários mecanismos, como a maior
prevalência de comportamentos de risco entre vítimas, barreiras ao rastreio cervical e
ao tratamento deste tipo de cancro, muitas vezes exacerbadas pelo trauma psicológico
das vítimas e controlo imposto pelos seus parceiros abusivos, dificultando a deteção
precoce e a adesão aos cuidados de saúde.
Objetivo: Analisar a relação entre a exposição à VRI e o cancro do colo do útero,
considerando os vários tipos de violência, fatores de risco para a doença, barreiras de
acesso aos serviços de saúde e adesão ao tratamento.
Metodologia: Revisão integrada de literatura que analisa estudos da PubMed, Scopus
e SciELO com os termos: “intimate partner violence”, “cervical cancer” e “health risk
and outcomes”. Foram escrutinados 74 artigos, dos quais foram selecionados 11 artigos.
Resultados: A pesquisa realizada sugere uma relação complexa entre a VRI e o cancro
do colo do útero. Verificou-se que diferentes tipos de VRI, sobretudo física e sexual,
aumentam significativamente o risco oncológico. A VRI associa-se a uma maior
exposição a fatores de risco conhecidos para o cancro cervical, como o tabagismo e
infeções sexualmente transmissíveis (ISTs). Correlaciona-se também com a existência
de barreiras ao rastreio cervical, como a falta de autonomia e a interferência de
parceiros abusivos, para além de contribuir para atrasos no tratamento,
comprometendo o prognóstico. Estratégias como a auto-colheita da citologia cervical e
o acesso a médicos de família à escolha das pacientes podem ter influência na redução
destas consequências da VRI.
Discussão e conclusões: A VRI exerce um impacto significativo no risco e
prognóstico do cancro do colo do útero através de diversas vertentes. Contudo não é
possível comprovar a existência de um mecanismo de causa e efeito, o que destaca a
necessidade de futuras investigações que explorem esta relação. Assim, torna-se
essencial a implementação de políticas de saúde e medidas preventivas adequadas para
combater os efeitos nocivos da VRI no cancro cervical.
Introduction: Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a global problem that affects women of all ages and socioeconomic levels and has a significant impact on physical, mental, sexual, and reproductive health. The association between IPV and cervical cancer can be explained by various mechanisms, such as the higher prevalence of risk behaviors among victims, barriers to cervical screening and treatment, often exacerbated by the psychological trauma of victims and the control imposed by their abusive partners, which makes early detection and adherence to health care difficult. Objective: To analyze the relationship between exposure to IPV and cervical cancer, considering the various types of violence, risk factors for the disease, barriers to accessing health services, and adherence to treatment. Methodology: Integrated literature review analyzing studies from PubMed, Scopus, and SciELO databases using the terms: “intimate partner violence,” “cervical cancer,” and “health risks and outcomes.” A total of 74 articles were reviewed, and 11 were selected. Results: The research conducted suggests a complex relationship between IPV and cervical cancer. Different types of IPV, especially physical and sexual, were found to significantly increase the risk of cancer. IPV is associated with greater exposure to known risk factors for cervical cancer, such as smoking and sexually transmitted infections (STIs). It is also correlated with barriers to cervical screening, such as lack of autonomy and interference from abusive partners, as well as contributing to delays in treatment and a compromised prognosis. Strategies such as self-collection of cervical cytology and access to family doctors of the patients' choice may help reduce these consequences of IPV. Discussion and Conclusions: IPV has a significant impact on the risk and prognosis of cervical cancer in several ways. However, it is not possible to prove the existence of a cause and effect mechanism, which highlights the need for future research to explore this relationship. It is therefore essential to implement appropriate health policies and preventive measures to combat the harmful effects of IPV on cervical cancer.
Introduction: Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a global problem that affects women of all ages and socioeconomic levels and has a significant impact on physical, mental, sexual, and reproductive health. The association between IPV and cervical cancer can be explained by various mechanisms, such as the higher prevalence of risk behaviors among victims, barriers to cervical screening and treatment, often exacerbated by the psychological trauma of victims and the control imposed by their abusive partners, which makes early detection and adherence to health care difficult. Objective: To analyze the relationship between exposure to IPV and cervical cancer, considering the various types of violence, risk factors for the disease, barriers to accessing health services, and adherence to treatment. Methodology: Integrated literature review analyzing studies from PubMed, Scopus, and SciELO databases using the terms: “intimate partner violence,” “cervical cancer,” and “health risks and outcomes.” A total of 74 articles were reviewed, and 11 were selected. Results: The research conducted suggests a complex relationship between IPV and cervical cancer. Different types of IPV, especially physical and sexual, were found to significantly increase the risk of cancer. IPV is associated with greater exposure to known risk factors for cervical cancer, such as smoking and sexually transmitted infections (STIs). It is also correlated with barriers to cervical screening, such as lack of autonomy and interference from abusive partners, as well as contributing to delays in treatment and a compromised prognosis. Strategies such as self-collection of cervical cytology and access to family doctors of the patients' choice may help reduce these consequences of IPV. Discussion and Conclusions: IPV has a significant impact on the risk and prognosis of cervical cancer in several ways. However, it is not possible to prove the existence of a cause and effect mechanism, which highlights the need for future research to explore this relationship. It is therefore essential to implement appropriate health policies and preventive measures to combat the harmful effects of IPV on cervical cancer.
Description
Keywords
Cancro do Colo do Útero Risco e Consequências para a Saúde Violência Nas Relações Íntimas