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Abstract(s)
De forma geral, tanto os treinadores como os investigadores procuram compreender todo o processo de treino. E como tal, existe uma tentativa de caracterizar o atleta e de associar certos comportamentos/componentes a ele, ou seja, metodologicamente descrever/explicar um determinado objeto de estudo. Portanto, este estudo tem como objetivo resumir e analisar os dados obtidos pela investigação relativamente aos fatores determinantes da prova de 100 metros do atletismo. Para tal, procedeu-se a uma pesquisa de artigos científicos recorrendo às bases de dados Web of Knowledge; pubmed, Sciencedirect, Scorpus e Ebsco, totalizando cerca de 426 documentos. Depois de retirar os duplicados e excluir os que não cumpriam os critérios de inclusão, a pesquisa resultou num total de 28 artigos, sendo 14 de variáveis biomecânicos, 4 de variáveis fisiológicas e os restantes 10 relacionados com aspetos do rendimento. Parecem existir bastantes limitações na metodologia de recolha dos fatores influenciadores do rendimento na prova de 100 m, dificultando as comparações entre os estudos e formulação de evidências claras. No entanto, com os resultados obtidos pudemos verificar que um velocista de 100m é habitualmente caracterizado por uma baixa capacidade de Vo2max e baixa tolerância ao lactato. Diferentes metodologias de recolha de dados são utilizados para a cinética e cinemática das fases das corridas, e por essa mesma razão a comparação entre artigos é pouco consistente. Existe controvérsia de qual é o membro inferior mais importante no rendimento da partida de blocos e limitações metodológicas na investigação da fase de aceleração. No entanto, parece existir o pressuposto de que o desempenho da prova de 100m está relacionado com uma frequência universalmente pouco variada entre atletas de classe mundial enquanto o comprimento determina assim o número de passos até 100m. Também é evidenciado que a tarefa de correr tem de ser realizada de forma coordenada, para evitar movimento desviantes. A utilização de o método combinado de subida e descida não altera o desempenho, bem como uma pré-tensão voluntária nos blocos de partida. A utilização de treino de pliometria evidencia tempos de contacto mais curtos. Tanto os testes de saltos como o teste de 1 repetição máxima de agachamento relaciona-se mais com os tempos iniciais da corrida de 100m (0-60m) enquanto que dos 60-100m, o índice de força reativa e tempos parciais de distâncias iniciais, assumem maior importância. O teste do RAST também pode ser um indicador de performance.
In general, both coaches and researchers seek to understand the whole training process. And as such, there is an attempt to characterize the athlete and to associate certain behaviors / components with him, that is, to methodologically describe / explain a particular object of study. Therefore, this study aims to summarize and analyze the data obtained by the research regarding the determinants factors of the discipline of 100 meters of athletics. To do so, a search of scientific articles was made using Web of Knowledge databases; pubmed, Sciencedirect, Scorpus and Ebsco, totaling about 426 documents. After removing the duplicates and excluding those that did not meet the inclusion criteria, the research resulted in a total of 28 articles, 14 of biomechanical variables, 4 of physiological variables and the remaining 10 related to aspects of yield. With the results obtained we could verify that a sprinter of 100m is usually characterized by a low capacity of Vo2max and, due to the lack of correlation between the blood lactate concentration and the time at 100m, low tolerance to lactate. Different data collection methodology is used for the kinetic and kinematic phases of the races, and for this same reason the comparison between articles is not very consistent. There is controversy as to which is the most important lower limb in the performance of the blocks departure and methodological limitations in the investigation of the acceleration phase. However, there appears to be a presumption that the performance of the 100m test is related to a universally unchanged frequency among world-class athletes while the length thus determines the number of steps up to 100m. It is also evidenced that the task of running has to be performed in a coordinated way, to avoid deviant movement. The use of the combined up and down method does not change performance as well as a voluntary pre-tension in the starting blocks. The use of plyometrics training showed shorter contact times. Both the jumping tests and the 1 maximum squat repeat test relate more to initial run times of 100m (0-60m) while 60-100m, the reactive force index and partial times of initial distances assume importance. The RAST test can also be a performance indicator.
In general, both coaches and researchers seek to understand the whole training process. And as such, there is an attempt to characterize the athlete and to associate certain behaviors / components with him, that is, to methodologically describe / explain a particular object of study. Therefore, this study aims to summarize and analyze the data obtained by the research regarding the determinants factors of the discipline of 100 meters of athletics. To do so, a search of scientific articles was made using Web of Knowledge databases; pubmed, Sciencedirect, Scorpus and Ebsco, totaling about 426 documents. After removing the duplicates and excluding those that did not meet the inclusion criteria, the research resulted in a total of 28 articles, 14 of biomechanical variables, 4 of physiological variables and the remaining 10 related to aspects of yield. With the results obtained we could verify that a sprinter of 100m is usually characterized by a low capacity of Vo2max and, due to the lack of correlation between the blood lactate concentration and the time at 100m, low tolerance to lactate. Different data collection methodology is used for the kinetic and kinematic phases of the races, and for this same reason the comparison between articles is not very consistent. There is controversy as to which is the most important lower limb in the performance of the blocks departure and methodological limitations in the investigation of the acceleration phase. However, there appears to be a presumption that the performance of the 100m test is related to a universally unchanged frequency among world-class athletes while the length thus determines the number of steps up to 100m. It is also evidenced that the task of running has to be performed in a coordinated way, to avoid deviant movement. The use of the combined up and down method does not change performance as well as a voluntary pre-tension in the starting blocks. The use of plyometrics training showed shorter contact times. Both the jumping tests and the 1 maximum squat repeat test relate more to initial run times of 100m (0-60m) while 60-100m, the reactive force index and partial times of initial distances assume importance. The RAST test can also be a performance indicator.
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Keywords
100 Metros Atletismo Biomecânica Fisiologia Sprint. Treino