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Abstract(s)
Introdução: As dietas hiperproteicas são uma prática extremamente prevalente nos países
desenvolvidos, sobretudo por atletas profissionais e recreativos. Os inúmeros benefícios das
dietas hiperproteicas ao nível da composição corporal, perfil metabólico, sistema imunitário,
prevenção de doença, entre outros, fazem delas um fator chave em diversos tipos de plano
alimentar. No entanto, preocupação crescente tem surgido na comunidade científica sobre os
possíveis riscos deste padrão alimentar, questionando-se a segurança para o organismo,
sobretudo a nível renal, cardiovascular, hepático e ósseo. A suplementação proteica, hábito
cada vez mais disseminado na população geral, é um recurso para garantir uma ingestão
proteica em quantidade e qualidade elevadas, sendo alvo de dúvida em relação à sua eficácia
e desenvolvimento de efeitos adversos.
Objetivos: Rever a evidência científica existente sobre os aspetos bioquímicos, efeitos
fisiológicos e segurança da alimentação e suplementação hiperproteicas.
Métodos: Análise de artigos indexados na base de dados Pubmed e Google Scholar até ao ano
de 2016, utilizando as palavras-chave “protein”, “protein supplements”, “excess protein
intake”, “protein metabolism”, “protein requirements”, “whey protein”, “casein”, “BCAA”,
“protein and health risks”, “protein and renal function”, etc.
Resultados: A vasta maioria artigos científicos analisados valida os benefícios das dietas
hiperproteicas, sendo que apenas um escasso número aponta os seus possíveis malefícios. Foi
encontrado apenas um relato de caso a associar a suplementação concomitante de whey e
creatina com o aparecimento de doença hepática. Não foi encontrada evidência científica
que comprove o papel das dietas hiperproteicas como causadoras de doença renal, hepática,
cardíaca ou óssea, em humanos.
Conclusão: A Ingestão Diária Recomendada de proteínas (0,8g/kg/dia) não se aplica às
necessidades da população ativa. Como tal, as dietas hiperproteicas constituem um excelente
método na obtenção de melhorias na composição corporal, perfil metabólico e prevenção de
doenças em indivíduos ativos. Associadas ao exercício físico, estas são fundamentais para a
manutenção ou incremento de massa muscular e redução do tecido adiposo, entre outros
benefícios. O metabolismo destas dietas revelou-se seguro e fisiologicamente possível sem
lesão de determinados sistemas alvo, como o renal, hepático, locomotor e cardiovascular. A
suplementação proteica, através de whey, caseína e BCAA, apesar das diferentes aplicações
individuais, demonstrou ser um aliado eficaz para atingir os requerimentos proteicos diários,
com inúmeros benefícios para a saúde e sem efeitos adversos relevantes associados.
Background: High protein diets are an extremely prevalent practice in developed countries, especially by professional and recreational athletes. The numerous benefits of high protein diets in terms of body composition, metabolic profile, immune system, disease prevention, among others, make these a key factor in several types of food plan. However, growing concern has arisen in the scientific community about the possible risks of this food pattern, raising questions of safety for our body, especially at the renal, cardiovascular, hepatic and bone levels. Protein supplementation, an increasingly widespread practice in the general population, is a resource to ensure high quantity and quality protein intake, being doubted its efficacy and development of adverse effects. Objectives: Review existing scientific evidence on the biochemical, physiological and safety aspects of high protein feeding and supplementation. Methods: Analysis of indexed articles in the Pubmed and Google Scholar database by the year 2016, using the keywords "protein", "protein supplements", "excess protein intake", "protein metabolism", "protein requirements", "whey protein "," casein ", “BCAA”, " protein and health risks "," protein and renal function ", etc. Results: The vast majority of scientific papers analyzed validate the benefits of high protein diets, with only a small number pointing out their potential harms. Only one case report was found to associate concomitant supplementation of whey and creatine with the onset of liver disease. There was no scientific evidence to support the role of high protein diets as cause of renal, hepatic, cardiac or bone disease in humans. Conclusion: The Recommended Daily Intake of Proteins (0.8g/kg/day) does not apply to the needs of the active population. As such, high protein diets are an excellent method to obtain improvements in body composition, metabolic profile and disease prevention in active individuals. Associated with physical exercise, these are fundamental for maintaining or increasing muscle mass and reducing adipose tissue, among other benefits. The metabolism of these diets proved to be safe and physiologically possible without injury to certain target systems, such as renal, hepatic, locomotor and cardiovascular systems. Protein supplementation, through whey, casein and BCAA, has been shown to be an effective ally to meet daily protein requirements, providing numerous health benefits without associated adverse effects.
Background: High protein diets are an extremely prevalent practice in developed countries, especially by professional and recreational athletes. The numerous benefits of high protein diets in terms of body composition, metabolic profile, immune system, disease prevention, among others, make these a key factor in several types of food plan. However, growing concern has arisen in the scientific community about the possible risks of this food pattern, raising questions of safety for our body, especially at the renal, cardiovascular, hepatic and bone levels. Protein supplementation, an increasingly widespread practice in the general population, is a resource to ensure high quantity and quality protein intake, being doubted its efficacy and development of adverse effects. Objectives: Review existing scientific evidence on the biochemical, physiological and safety aspects of high protein feeding and supplementation. Methods: Analysis of indexed articles in the Pubmed and Google Scholar database by the year 2016, using the keywords "protein", "protein supplements", "excess protein intake", "protein metabolism", "protein requirements", "whey protein "," casein ", “BCAA”, " protein and health risks "," protein and renal function ", etc. Results: The vast majority of scientific papers analyzed validate the benefits of high protein diets, with only a small number pointing out their potential harms. Only one case report was found to associate concomitant supplementation of whey and creatine with the onset of liver disease. There was no scientific evidence to support the role of high protein diets as cause of renal, hepatic, cardiac or bone disease in humans. Conclusion: The Recommended Daily Intake of Proteins (0.8g/kg/day) does not apply to the needs of the active population. As such, high protein diets are an excellent method to obtain improvements in body composition, metabolic profile and disease prevention in active individuals. Associated with physical exercise, these are fundamental for maintaining or increasing muscle mass and reducing adipose tissue, among other benefits. The metabolism of these diets proved to be safe and physiologically possible without injury to certain target systems, such as renal, hepatic, locomotor and cardiovascular systems. Protein supplementation, through whey, casein and BCAA, has been shown to be an effective ally to meet daily protein requirements, providing numerous health benefits without associated adverse effects.
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Keywords
Caseína Efeitos Adversos Função Renal Proteína Whey