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Abstract(s)
A insuficiência visual é um problema frequente na população idosa onde esta associada
a vários eventos adversos particularmente as quedas. As quedas em idosos constituem
um importante problema de saúde pública. Considerando a magnitude das quedas em
idosos e a presença da insuficiência visual muito prevalente em idosos, realizou-se o
presente estudo.
Objetivos: Este estudo teve como objetivos analisar o contributo da insuficiência visual
em idosos nas ocorrências de quedas, identificar as principais alterações visuais e ou
patológicas relacionadas a ocorrência de quedas no idoso, identificar as medidas de
prevenção das quedas relacionadas com a insuficiência visual, conhecer a importância
do optometrista na prevenção de quedas em idosos.
Metodologia: Esta dissertação adotou a metodologia de revisão narrativa de literatura,
para tal, foi efetuada a pesquisa de artigos científicos referentes aos temas publicados
nas bases de dados Web of Science, Pubmed e Scielo. As palavras-chave utilizadas na
pesquisa eletrónica foram “Visual Impairment in elderly”, “Falls in elderly”.
Resultados: Foram selecionados 87 estudos nas seguintes bases de dados: 77 (WEB OF
SCIENCE), 10 (PUBMED). Na base de dados SCIELO não foi selecionado nenhum
estudo que preenche os critérios de seleção. Foram selecionados 48 estudos que
relacionaram a insuficiência visual em idosos como fator de risco para ocorrência de
quedas, 10 estudos que não evidenciaram a associação entre a insuficiência visual em
idosos e a ocorrência de quedas, 32 estudos que relacionaram as alterações visuais e ou
patológicas com ocorrência de quedas em idosos e 38 estudos que descreveram as
medidas preventivas de quedas relacionadas com a insuficiência visual em idosos.
Conclusão: A insuficiência visual em idosos é considerada um importante fator de risco
para quedas em idosos, ainda que existam alguns estudos que questionem o seu
contributo isolado diretamente. As patologias oculares relacionadas com o
envelhecimento como a catarata e degeneração macular relacionada com a idade estão
associadas a um maior risco de queda, bem como a presença de erro refrativo. Existem
controvérsias sobre a importância do glaucoma como contribuidor importante para a
insuficiência visual e ocorrências de quedas. As estratégias de prevenção de quedas em
idosos com insuficiência visual devem ser direcionadas para a deteção precoce e
tratamento das causas. Outras medidas também devem fazer parte da prevenção,
particularmente, o treino de equilíbrio, o exercício físico e orientações de segurança
sobre o ambiente. O optometrista é um profissional de saúde de cuidados primários com maior acessibilidade a população idosa, onde exerce um papel fundamental na
prevenção e deteção da insuficiência visual nos idosos.
Visual impairment is a frequent problem in the elderly population, where it is associated with several adverse events, particularly falls. Falls in the elderly are an important public health problem. Considering the magnitude of falls in the elderly and the presence of visual impairment that is very prevalent in the elderly, the present study was conducted. Objectives : The objectives of this study were to analyze the contribution of visual impairment in the elderly to the occurrence of falls, to identify the main visual and/or pathological alterations related to the occurrence of falls in the elderly, to identify the measures to prevent falls related to visual impairment, to know the importance of the optometrist in the prevention of falls in the elderly. Methodology : This dissertation adopted the methodology of narrative literature review, for which it was carried out the search of scientific articles referring to the themes published in the Web of Science, Pubmed and Scielo databases. The keywords used in the electronic search were "Visual Impairment in elderly", "Falls in elderly". Results : A total of 87 studies were selected from the following databases: 77 (WEB OF SCIENCE), 10 (PUBMED). No studies met the criteria of selection in the SCIELO database. It was selected 48 studies that related visual impairment in the elderly as a risk factor for the occurrence of falls, 10 studies that did not show the association between visual impairment in the elderly and the occurrence of falls, 32 studies that related visual and/or pathological alterations to the occurrence of falls in the elderly, and 38 studies that described the prevention measures of falls related to visual impairment in the elderly. Conclusion : Visual impairment in the elderly is considered an important risk factor for falls, although there are some studies that question its contribution in isolation directly. Age-related eye diseases such as cataracts and age-related macular degenration are associated with a higher risk of falling, as well as the presence of refractive error. There are controversies about the importance of glaucoma as an important contributor to visual impairment and occurrences of falls. Strategies to prevent falls in the elderly with visual impairment should be directed towards the early detection and treatment of the causes. Other measures should also be part of prevention, particularly balance training and physical exercise and safety guidelines on the environment. The optometrist is a primary care health professional with greater accessibility to the elderly population, where he plays a fundamental role in the prevention and detection of visual impairment in the elderly.
Visual impairment is a frequent problem in the elderly population, where it is associated with several adverse events, particularly falls. Falls in the elderly are an important public health problem. Considering the magnitude of falls in the elderly and the presence of visual impairment that is very prevalent in the elderly, the present study was conducted. Objectives : The objectives of this study were to analyze the contribution of visual impairment in the elderly to the occurrence of falls, to identify the main visual and/or pathological alterations related to the occurrence of falls in the elderly, to identify the measures to prevent falls related to visual impairment, to know the importance of the optometrist in the prevention of falls in the elderly. Methodology : This dissertation adopted the methodology of narrative literature review, for which it was carried out the search of scientific articles referring to the themes published in the Web of Science, Pubmed and Scielo databases. The keywords used in the electronic search were "Visual Impairment in elderly", "Falls in elderly". Results : A total of 87 studies were selected from the following databases: 77 (WEB OF SCIENCE), 10 (PUBMED). No studies met the criteria of selection in the SCIELO database. It was selected 48 studies that related visual impairment in the elderly as a risk factor for the occurrence of falls, 10 studies that did not show the association between visual impairment in the elderly and the occurrence of falls, 32 studies that related visual and/or pathological alterations to the occurrence of falls in the elderly, and 38 studies that described the prevention measures of falls related to visual impairment in the elderly. Conclusion : Visual impairment in the elderly is considered an important risk factor for falls, although there are some studies that question its contribution in isolation directly. Age-related eye diseases such as cataracts and age-related macular degenration are associated with a higher risk of falling, as well as the presence of refractive error. There are controversies about the importance of glaucoma as an important contributor to visual impairment and occurrences of falls. Strategies to prevent falls in the elderly with visual impairment should be directed towards the early detection and treatment of the causes. Other measures should also be part of prevention, particularly balance training and physical exercise and safety guidelines on the environment. The optometrist is a primary care health professional with greater accessibility to the elderly population, where he plays a fundamental role in the prevention and detection of visual impairment in the elderly.
Description
Keywords
Alterações Visuais Idosos Insuficiência Visual Medidas de Prevenção Optometria Quedas Revisão de Literatura