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Abstract(s)
Em 1674, eram descobertas por bandeirantes paulistas as terras que mais tarde seriam
chamadas de Minas Gerais. Durante a primeira metade do século XVIII a Vila Rica de
Albuquerque, atual Ouro Preto e a Vila de Ribeirão do Carmo, atual Mariana,
encontravam-se imersas no “Ciclo do Ouro”, período do ápice da exploração deste
metal marcado por um regime patriarcal com trabalho escravizado e pela forte
presença da religiosidade e da vida política. Enquanto a ocupação de Vila Rica ocorreu
sem planejamento, seguindo o relevo, Vila de Ribeirão do Carmo foi a primeira cidade
planejada de Minas Gerais e primeira sede do bispado. Entretanto, com o passar do
tempo, Vila Rica tornou-se a nova capital e consequentemente a cidade mais
importante da capitania. A partir de 1750, iniciou-se o período de escassez do ouro e da
decadência das cidades exploradas, precedendo a “Inconfidência Mineira”, movimento
elitista que buscava pela independência de Vila Rica de Portugal. Neste contexto,
existia um Brasil colônia marcado pela segregação socioespacial, que culminou na
construção de espaços destinados à elite e aos escravizados. Com isso, esta dissertação
parte da proximidade geográfica entre Ouro Preto e Mariana para discutir, analisar e
comparar seis casos de estudo, as Casa de Câmara e Cadeia, Igrejas de São Francisco de
Assis, e as Igrejas de Nossa Senhora do Rosário dos Pretos de Mariana e Ouro Preto,
construídos entre os séculos XVIII e XIX, hoje tombados como patrimônio pelo
Instituto do Património Histórico e Artístico Nacional (IPHAN), com o intuito de
entender como a proximidade entre as cidades influenciaram na construção de edifícios
de diferentes tipologias com o caráter público, nos âmbitos político e religioso, na
organização programática interior, nos alçados principais e quais as alterações ou
manutenção de usos, na atualidade.
In 1674, the lands that would later be called Minas Gerais were discovered by bandeirantes from São Paulo. During the first half of the 18th century, Vila Rica de Albuquerque, today's Ouro Preto, and Vila de Ribeirão do Carmo, today's Mariana, were immersed in the "Gold Cycle", a period at the height of the exploitation of this metal marked by a patriarchal regime with enslaved labor and the strong presence of religiosity and political life. While the occupation of Vila Rica took place without planning, following the relief, Vila de Ribeirão do Carmo was the first planned city in Minas Gerais and the first seat of the bishopric. However, with the passage of time, Vila Rica became the new capital and consequently the most important city in the captaincy. From 1750 onwards, the period of gold scarcity and the decay of the exploited cities began, preceding the "Inconfidência Mineira", an elitist movement that sought the independence of Vila Rica from Portugal. In this context, colonial Brazil was marked by socio-spatial segregation, which culminated in the construction of spaces for the elite and the enslaved. This dissertation is based on the geographical proximity between Ouro Preto and Mariana to discuss, analyze and compare six case studies, the Town Hall and Jail, the Churches of São Francisco de Assis, and the Churches of Nossa Senhora do Rosário dos Pretos in Mariana and Ouro Preto, built between the 18th and 19th centuries, today listed as heritage buildings by the National Historical and Artistic Heritage Institute (IPHAN), with the aim of understanding how the proximity between the cities influenced the construction of buildings of different typologies with a public character, in the political and religious spheres, in the interior programmatic organization, in the main elevations and what changes or maintenance of uses there are today.
In 1674, the lands that would later be called Minas Gerais were discovered by bandeirantes from São Paulo. During the first half of the 18th century, Vila Rica de Albuquerque, today's Ouro Preto, and Vila de Ribeirão do Carmo, today's Mariana, were immersed in the "Gold Cycle", a period at the height of the exploitation of this metal marked by a patriarchal regime with enslaved labor and the strong presence of religiosity and political life. While the occupation of Vila Rica took place without planning, following the relief, Vila de Ribeirão do Carmo was the first planned city in Minas Gerais and the first seat of the bishopric. However, with the passage of time, Vila Rica became the new capital and consequently the most important city in the captaincy. From 1750 onwards, the period of gold scarcity and the decay of the exploited cities began, preceding the "Inconfidência Mineira", an elitist movement that sought the independence of Vila Rica from Portugal. In this context, colonial Brazil was marked by socio-spatial segregation, which culminated in the construction of spaces for the elite and the enslaved. This dissertation is based on the geographical proximity between Ouro Preto and Mariana to discuss, analyze and compare six case studies, the Town Hall and Jail, the Churches of São Francisco de Assis, and the Churches of Nossa Senhora do Rosário dos Pretos in Mariana and Ouro Preto, built between the 18th and 19th centuries, today listed as heritage buildings by the National Historical and Artistic Heritage Institute (IPHAN), with the aim of understanding how the proximity between the cities influenced the construction of buildings of different typologies with a public character, in the political and religious spheres, in the interior programmatic organization, in the main elevations and what changes or maintenance of uses there are today.
Description
Keywords
Arquitetura Civil Arquitetura Colonial Setecentista Arquitetura Religiosa Mariana Ouro Preto Proximidade Geográfica