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Publication
A disparidade de género nas especialidades cirúrgicas e médico-cirúrgicas em Portugal: um estudo quantitativo
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| 2.65 MB | Adobe PDF |
Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
A igualdade de género constitui um princípio fundamental para o desenvolvimento de
sociedades justas e equilibradas, sendo particularmente relevante em profissões com
impacto direto na vida humana, como a medicina. Ao longo das últimas décadas,
observou-se a feminização desta profissão, na medida em que ocorreu um aumento
substancial do número de médicas do sexo feminino. Contudo, este panorama não se
aplica a todas as especialidades profissionais. Assim, a presente investigação analisou a
evolução da disparidade de género nas especialidades da área cirúrgica em Portugal entre
2010 e 2023, com base em dados públicos da Ordem dos Médicos. O estudo aplicou uma
metodologia quantitativa, dividindo as especialidades em dois grandes grupos
(cirúrgicas e médico-cirúrgicas) e avaliando a representatividade feminina ao longo do
tempo. Verificou-se um crescimento sustentado do número de médicas especialistas,
ainda que desigual entre as diversas especialidades. Observou-se que, em 2023, apenas
3 das especialidades analisadas apresentavam paridade de género (ginecologia e
obstetrícia, dermatovenereologia e cirurgia pediátrica), enquanto outras, como urologia,
ortopedia e cirurgia cardiotorácica, mantiveram uma representação feminina inferior a
15%. Análises de correlação sugeriram tendências distintas de evolução, com algumas
especialidades a exibirem permanência de dinâmicas de exclusão de género. Por fim,
compreende-se que estes resultados são coincidentes ao panorama internacional.
Posteriormente, de modo a complementar a análise quantitativa, procurou-se perceber,
através de uma revisão sistemática da literatura científica recente, os desafios
enfrentados pelas médicas cirurgiãs, sendo alguns destes a persistência de estereótipos
de género; viés de género; dificuldades na conciliação entre a vida pessoal, familiar e
profissional; disparidades na remuneração salarial e o impacto da síndrome do impostor.
Foram também identificadas estratégias concretas para mitigar estas disparidades,
incluindo políticas de mentoria, maior visibilidade de modelos femininos, reformas nos
critérios de produtividade, e uma reconfiguração estrutural das instituições de saúde. Os
resultados revelam que a feminização da medicina não garante paridade nas
especialidades, exigindo políticas estruturais e medidas de combate ao viés institucional
e cultural.
Gender equality is a fundamental principle for the development of fair and balanced societies and is particularly relevant in professions with direct impact on human life, such as medicine. In recent decades, it has been seen a clear feminization of the medical profession, marked by a substantial increase in the number of female physicians. However, this shift has not occurred uniformly across all medical specialties. So, this study analyzes the evolution of gender disparity within surgical specialties in Portugal between 2010 and 2023, based on publicly available data from the Ordem dos Médicos (Portuguese Medical Association). A quantitative methodology was applied, dividing specialties into two groups (surgical and medical-surgical) and assessing female representation over time. The results showed a sustained increase in the number of female specialists, although unevenly distributed across specialties. In 2023, only three specialties (obstetrics/gynecology, dermatovenereology and pediatric surgery) had achieved gender parity, while others such as urology, orthopedics, and cardiothoracic surgery continued to have female representation below 15%. Correlation analyses suggest distinct evolutionary patterns, with some specialties exhibiting gender-exclusion dynamics. These findings are consistent with international trends. To complement the quantitative analysis, a systematic review of recent scientific literature was conducted to identify the main challenges faced by female surgeons. These include the persistence of gender stereotypes, gender bias, difficulties balancing personal and professional life, gender pay gap and the impact of impostor syndrome. Concrete strategies were also identified to address these disparities, including mentorship policies, increased visibility of female role models, reform of productivity criteria, and structural reconfiguration of healthcare institutions. The results demonstrate that the overall feminization of medicine does not ensure parity within specialties, highlighting the need for structural policies and measures to counteract institutional and cultural bias.
Gender equality is a fundamental principle for the development of fair and balanced societies and is particularly relevant in professions with direct impact on human life, such as medicine. In recent decades, it has been seen a clear feminization of the medical profession, marked by a substantial increase in the number of female physicians. However, this shift has not occurred uniformly across all medical specialties. So, this study analyzes the evolution of gender disparity within surgical specialties in Portugal between 2010 and 2023, based on publicly available data from the Ordem dos Médicos (Portuguese Medical Association). A quantitative methodology was applied, dividing specialties into two groups (surgical and medical-surgical) and assessing female representation over time. The results showed a sustained increase in the number of female specialists, although unevenly distributed across specialties. In 2023, only three specialties (obstetrics/gynecology, dermatovenereology and pediatric surgery) had achieved gender parity, while others such as urology, orthopedics, and cardiothoracic surgery continued to have female representation below 15%. Correlation analyses suggest distinct evolutionary patterns, with some specialties exhibiting gender-exclusion dynamics. These findings are consistent with international trends. To complement the quantitative analysis, a systematic review of recent scientific literature was conducted to identify the main challenges faced by female surgeons. These include the persistence of gender stereotypes, gender bias, difficulties balancing personal and professional life, gender pay gap and the impact of impostor syndrome. Concrete strategies were also identified to address these disparities, including mentorship policies, increased visibility of female role models, reform of productivity criteria, and structural reconfiguration of healthcare institutions. The results demonstrate that the overall feminization of medicine does not ensure parity within specialties, highlighting the need for structural policies and measures to counteract institutional and cultural bias.
Description
Keywords
Cirurgia Desigualdade de Género Especialidades Profissionais Medicina Representatividade Feminina