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Abstract(s)
Introdução: A Hipertensão Arterial constitui um dos principais fatores de risco para o
desenvolvimento de doenças cerebrocardiovasculares. A sua elevada prevalência a nível
mundial e o facto de constituir um dos principais fatores de risco, modificável, para o
estabelecimento e desenvolvimento das patologias cérebro-cardiovasculares, conduzem a
hipertensão arterial ao seu reconhecimento como um importante, preocupante e
emergente problema de Saúde Pública do século XXI, que afeta cerca de 42,2% da
população adulta portuguesa e cerca de 1 bilião de pessoas em todo o mundo.
Assim, a exposição contínua ao aumento persistente da pressão arterial traduz-se, num
conjunto de alterações funcionais e estruturais de diversos sistemas corporais,
nomeadamente ao nível cardíaco, onde podemos constatar, entre muitas outras
modificações, a instalação de uma Doença Cardíaca Hipertensiva. Esta entidade é
tradicionalmente evidenciada por uma tríade de alterações, que consistem na hipertrofia
ventricular esquerda acompanhada de uma dilatação auricular esquerda e disfunção
diastólica do ventrículo esquerdo. A avaliação destas alterações é efetuada através de um
conjunto de exames complementares de diagnóstico como o MAPA, Ecocardiograma e
Eletrocardiograma. Objetivos: O objetivo deste estudo prende-se com a identificação do
número de doentes que desenvolvem lesões de órgão alvo e as razões que levam ao seu
surgimento, no universo dos doentes observados na consulta externa de hipertensão
arterial do Centro Hospitalar Universitário Cova da Beira, durante o tempo de duração do
presente estudo. Deste modo pretende-se esclarecer a sua relação, causas e expressão não
só na teoria como na prática clínica. Métodos: O presente trabalho de investigação foi
realizado a partir da observação retrospetiva do processo clínico, dos doentes observados
no âmbito da consulta externa de hipertensão arterial do Centro Hospitalar Universitário
Cova da Beira, tendo em consideração o controlo efetivo da tensão arterial, validado por
MAPA, em associação ou não com atingimento de órgão alvo, sendo este avaliado por
exames de imagiologia. Acreditando que todas as alterações, resultantes do efeito da
hipertensão arterial, ao nível dos diferentes sistemas, ocorrem de forma relativamente
simultânea, dediquei de forma mais particular a minha atenção ao estudo da lesão de
órgão alvo, a nível cardíaco. Concomitantemente esta investigação carece de uma extensa
e criteriosa pesquisa bibliográfica. Conclusão: A hipertensão arterial é uma doença
crónica caracterizada pelo aumento persistente da pressão arterial, o seu curso insidioso e
as suas causas multifatoriais levam a que este seja um dos fatores de risco cardiovascular
modificável de maior relevância. O diagnóstico e tratamento precoce permite uma diminuição, a longo prazo, de múltiplas complicações cardiovasculares como o
estabelecimento da Doença Cardíaca Hipertensiva, evitando também a sua progressão
uma vez já estabelecida.
Introduction: Arterial Hypertension is one of the main risk factors for developing cerebrocardiovascular diseases. Its high prevalence worldwide and the fact that it is one of the primary risk factors, modifiable, for the onset and development of brain and cardiovascular pathologies, has led arterial hypertension to be recognized as an important, worrying and emerging public health problem of the 21st century, affecting about 42.2% of the Portuguese adult population and about 1 billion people worldwide. Thus, continuous exposure to persistent increase in blood pressure translates into a set of functional and structural changes of several body systems, namely at the cardiac level, where we can see, among many other changes, Hypertensive Heart Disease. This condition is traditionally demonstrated by a triad of alterations, which consist of left ventricular hypertrophy accompanied by left auricular dilation and diastolic dysfunction of the left ventricle. The evaluation of these changes is performed through a set of complementary diagnostic tests such as ABPM, Echocardiogram and Electrocardiogram. Objectives: The purpose of this study is to identify the number of patients who develop target-organ lesions, as well as the reasons that lead to its appearance, constituting the sample of patients observed in the external HTA consultation of the CHUCB, for the duration of the present study. Thus, the aim is to clarify its relationship, causes and expression not only in theory but also in clinical practice. Methods: The present research study was carried out based on the retrospective observation of the clinical process of patients observed in the external HTA consultation of the CHUCB, taking into account the effective control of blood pressure, validated by ABPM, whether in association with target-organ involvement or not, assessed by imaging exams. Simultaneously, this study required an extensive and critical bibliographic research. Conclusion: Arterial Hypertension is a chronic disease characterized by a persistent increase in blood pressure, its insidious course and its multifactorial causes lead to this being one of the most relevant modifiable cardiovascular risk factors. Early diagnosis and treatment allow for a long-term reduction in multiple cardiovascular complications such as the onset of Hypertensive Heart Disease, also avoiding its progression once already established.
Introduction: Arterial Hypertension is one of the main risk factors for developing cerebrocardiovascular diseases. Its high prevalence worldwide and the fact that it is one of the primary risk factors, modifiable, for the onset and development of brain and cardiovascular pathologies, has led arterial hypertension to be recognized as an important, worrying and emerging public health problem of the 21st century, affecting about 42.2% of the Portuguese adult population and about 1 billion people worldwide. Thus, continuous exposure to persistent increase in blood pressure translates into a set of functional and structural changes of several body systems, namely at the cardiac level, where we can see, among many other changes, Hypertensive Heart Disease. This condition is traditionally demonstrated by a triad of alterations, which consist of left ventricular hypertrophy accompanied by left auricular dilation and diastolic dysfunction of the left ventricle. The evaluation of these changes is performed through a set of complementary diagnostic tests such as ABPM, Echocardiogram and Electrocardiogram. Objectives: The purpose of this study is to identify the number of patients who develop target-organ lesions, as well as the reasons that lead to its appearance, constituting the sample of patients observed in the external HTA consultation of the CHUCB, for the duration of the present study. Thus, the aim is to clarify its relationship, causes and expression not only in theory but also in clinical practice. Methods: The present research study was carried out based on the retrospective observation of the clinical process of patients observed in the external HTA consultation of the CHUCB, taking into account the effective control of blood pressure, validated by ABPM, whether in association with target-organ involvement or not, assessed by imaging exams. Simultaneously, this study required an extensive and critical bibliographic research. Conclusion: Arterial Hypertension is a chronic disease characterized by a persistent increase in blood pressure, its insidious course and its multifactorial causes lead to this being one of the most relevant modifiable cardiovascular risk factors. Early diagnosis and treatment allow for a long-term reduction in multiple cardiovascular complications such as the onset of Hypertensive Heart Disease, also avoiding its progression once already established.
Description
Keywords
Cardiopatia Hipertensiva Controlo Ecocardiograma Hipertensão Arterial Lesão de Órgão Alvo Monitorização Emambulatório da Pressão Arterial