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Abstract(s)
Introdução: De acordo com a Classificação Internacional de Funcionamento,
Deficiência e Saúde, uma "deficiência" é um termo geral utilizado para descrever um
problema na função ou estrutura do corpo de uma pessoa devido a uma condição de
saúde. Consequentemente, uma deficiência visual resulta quando uma condição ocular
afeta o sistema visual em uma ou mais das suas funções. A diabetes mellitus é um
problema importante de saúde pública a nível mundial, e mais de 75% dos pacientes
que têm DM há mais de 20 anos terão alguma forma de retinopatia. A retinopatia
diabética é uma complicação microvascular tanto do tipo 1 como do tipo 2 da DM. A RD
é uma das principais causas de cegueira recente nos países industrializados e uma
causa cada vez mais frequente de cegueira nos países de rendimento médio. O objetivo
deste trabalho consiste na revisão de literatura referente à prevalência da cegueira e
deficiência visual moderada a severa por Retinopatia Diabética na população com uma
idade igual ou superior a 50 anos, residente na Europa Ocidental.
Métodos: Através de uma pesquisa nas bases de dados Pubmed, Science Direct e Web
of Science, realizou-se uma revisão sistemática de literatura de 5 estudos
observacionais de base populacional transversais, que analisaram a prevalência da
cegueira e da deficiência visual moderada a severa por retinopatia diabética na região
da Europa Ocidental. Foram incluídos estudos com participantes com idade igual ou
superior a 50 anos, de ambos os sexos e referentes aos países e regiões pertencentes à
Europa Ocidental. Foi ainda critério de inclusão os estudos que usaram a classificação
da gravidade da deficiência visual definida pela OMS. O protocolo PRISMA foi utilizado
como linha orientadora na revisão sistemática de literatura.
Resultados: Foram incluídos 5 estudos publicados entre 1998 e 2019, com o total de
12855 indivíduos, com idades igual ou superior a 50 anos. Os estudos abordaram a
prevalência da cegueira e DVMS por RD e que respeitaram todos os critérios de
elegibilidade pré-estabelecidos. Através da informação, foram analisadas as
prevalências de cegueira e DVMS, a de cegueira e DVMS especifica por sexo e a
prevalência da cegueira e da DVMS por retinopatia diabética na amostra total. A
prevalência da cegueira variou entre 0.47% e 5.48% e a prevalência da DVMS variou
entre 0.96% e 25.09%. Em relação à prevalência da cegueira por RD, esta foi de 0.06%
e 0.18%, por fim, a prevalência da DVMS por RD foi de 0.14% e de 0.53%. Conclusão: É necessário a realização de mais estudos sobre a cegueira e DVMS na
Europa Ocidental, pois a informação é muito escassa. A deteção precoce é crucial para
prevenir a deficiência visual relacionada com a diabetes, assim é importante que a RD
continue a ser prevenida através de controlo regular e intervenção atempada. A
promoção do envelhecimento ativo e saudável em Portugal regista várias iniciativas,
contudo há ainda um caminho a percorrer para que essa abordagem se reflita na saúde
e na qualidade de vida das pessoas idosas, garantindo a realização plena da sua
dignidade.
Introduction: According to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health, a disability is a general term used to describe a problem in the function or structure of the body of a person due to a health condition. Accordingly, a visual disability happens when an ocular condition affects the visual system in one or more of its functions. Mellitus Diabetes is an important health issue globally and more than 75% of patients that have MD for more than 20 years will have some form of retinopathy. Diabetic Retinopathy is a microvascular complication both from type 1 and type 2 of MD. DR is one of the main recente causes for blindness in industrialized nations and an increasing cause for blindness in average income countries. This work's goal consists in the literature revision referring to blindness prevail and moderate to severe visual disability caused by Diabetic Retinopathy in the population with 50 or more years living in western Europe. Methods: Through PubMed, Science Direct and Web of Science database research, a systematic revision comprising 5 observational studies with transverse population basis which analysed prevalence of blindness and moderate to severe visual impairment due to diabetic retinopathy in the Western European. Studies with 50 or more years participants were included, from both genders and referring to the countries and regions belonging to Western Europe. It was also in the scope of the analysis of the studies that used classification of severity of vision impairment defined by WHO. PRISMA protocol was used as a guiding line in the systematic review of literature. Results: 5 studies published between 1998 and 2019 were included, with a total of 12855 individuals, with ages from 50 to 80 years. These studies address prevalence of blindness and SMVI to DR and fulfill all the selection criteria pre-established. Through this information, prevalence of blindness and SMDI were analysed, as well as blindness and MSVI specific by gender and blindness prevail and MSVD due to DR in the full sample. The prevalence of blindness varied between 0.47% and 5.48% and MSVD prevail varied between 0.96% to 25.09%. Regarding prevalence of blindness due to DR, the results were comprised between 0.06% and 0.18%. At last, prevalence of SMVI due to DR was from 0.14% to 0.53%. Conclusion: There is a need dor more studies on blindness and SMVI in Western Europe, as information is very scarce. Early detection is crucial to preventing diabetesrelated visual impairment, so it is important that DR continues to be prevented through regular monitoring and timely intervention. The promotion of active and healthy aging in Portugal registers several initiatives, however, there is still a way to go for this approach to be reflected in the health and quality of life of the elderly, ensuring the full realization of their dignity.
Introduction: According to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health, a disability is a general term used to describe a problem in the function or structure of the body of a person due to a health condition. Accordingly, a visual disability happens when an ocular condition affects the visual system in one or more of its functions. Mellitus Diabetes is an important health issue globally and more than 75% of patients that have MD for more than 20 years will have some form of retinopathy. Diabetic Retinopathy is a microvascular complication both from type 1 and type 2 of MD. DR is one of the main recente causes for blindness in industrialized nations and an increasing cause for blindness in average income countries. This work's goal consists in the literature revision referring to blindness prevail and moderate to severe visual disability caused by Diabetic Retinopathy in the population with 50 or more years living in western Europe. Methods: Through PubMed, Science Direct and Web of Science database research, a systematic revision comprising 5 observational studies with transverse population basis which analysed prevalence of blindness and moderate to severe visual impairment due to diabetic retinopathy in the Western European. Studies with 50 or more years participants were included, from both genders and referring to the countries and regions belonging to Western Europe. It was also in the scope of the analysis of the studies that used classification of severity of vision impairment defined by WHO. PRISMA protocol was used as a guiding line in the systematic review of literature. Results: 5 studies published between 1998 and 2019 were included, with a total of 12855 individuals, with ages from 50 to 80 years. These studies address prevalence of blindness and SMVI to DR and fulfill all the selection criteria pre-established. Through this information, prevalence of blindness and SMDI were analysed, as well as blindness and MSVI specific by gender and blindness prevail and MSVD due to DR in the full sample. The prevalence of blindness varied between 0.47% and 5.48% and MSVD prevail varied between 0.96% to 25.09%. Regarding prevalence of blindness due to DR, the results were comprised between 0.06% and 0.18%. At last, prevalence of SMVI due to DR was from 0.14% to 0.53%. Conclusion: There is a need dor more studies on blindness and SMVI in Western Europe, as information is very scarce. Early detection is crucial to preventing diabetesrelated visual impairment, so it is important that DR continues to be prevented through regular monitoring and timely intervention. The promotion of active and healthy aging in Portugal registers several initiatives, however, there is still a way to go for this approach to be reflected in the health and quality of life of the elderly, ensuring the full realization of their dignity.
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Keywords
Cegueira Deficiência Visual Moderada a Severa Europa Ocidental Prevalência Retinopatia Diabética