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Abstract(s)
O Plano Diretor Municipal, que regula as ações de urbanizar e edificar, tem sido a figura chave do planeamento urbanístico em Portugal. Contudo, o seu conteúdo tem mostrado ambiguidades, nomeadamente quanto aos perímetros urbanos. Esperava-se que fosse um instrumento de consolidação da continuidade das áreas urbanas, mas tal objetivo nem sempre é alcançado. Entre outras, uma das causas são os perímetros urbanos sobredimensionados, consequentemente ocupados com agricultura, floresta, pastagens ou matos, agravada em zonas de baixa densidade com perda demográfica crónica, fraca procura de edifícios e urbanizações. Outra é a inércia de um processo obsoleto que perpetua no tempo e no espaço, medidas de um PDM incapaz de responder à dinâmica territorial. Neste sentido, o objetivo desta tese é proceder ao diagnóstico dos perímetros urbanos dos PDM, com recurso a tecnologias de informação e comunicação (TIC), com destaque para a fotogrametria digital com recurso a drones, cartografia digital, SIG e Web-SIG. As TIC permitem o armazenamento, tratamento e análise da informação digital recolhida pelo drone, criar e-Plataformas disponíveis on-line, a consulta dos seus conteúdos pelos cidadãos e o apoio à tomada de decisões pelas entidades locais. Por outro lado, estas ferramentas digitais foram escolhidas por cobrirem as três fases fundamentais da revisão dos PDM: o levantamento, o tratamento e a consulta da informação. Foram analisados seis estudos de caso em territórios de baixa densidade, nas Beiras e Serra da Estrela, os perímetros urbanos das sedes dos municípios de Almeida, Belmonte, Celorico da Beira, Figueira de Castelo Rodrigo, Mêda e Pinhel. Têm em comum os PDM desadequados, em vigor há cerca de trinta anos.
Entre outros aspetos, concluiu-se que as áreas urbanas excedentárias chegam a abranger mais de 1/3 da dimensão dos perímetros urbanos prevista nos PDM analisados. Por último, pretende-se com os resultados desta tese indicar caminhos para o desenvolvimento dos e-PDM, atualizados a baixo custo, com soluções céleres e eficazes face às expectativas e mudanças no território, facilmente divulgadas através de e-Plataformas. Consequentemente, contribuir-se-á para a consolidação dos espaços urbanos mais adequados aos territórios de baixa densidade, promovendo o desenvolvimento dos concelhos em geral e a qualificação das suas cidades, vilas e aldeias.
The Municipal Master Plan has been the key figure of urban planning in Portugal that regulates urbanisation and building actions. However, its content has shown ambiguities, namely regarding the urban perimeters. It was expected to be an instrument of consolidation of the continuity of urban areas, but such objective is not always achieved. Among others, one of the causes is the oversized urban perimeters, which are consequently occupied by agriculture, forest, pastures or bushes, aggravated in low density areas with chronic demographic loss, low demand for buildings and urbanisation. Another, is the inertia of an obsolete process that perpetuates in time and space, measures of a PDM unable to respond to the territorial dynamics. In this sense, the aim of this thesis is to proceed to the diagnosis of the urban perimeters of the PDM, using information and communication technologies (ICT), with emphasis on digital photogrammetry using drones, digital cartography, GIS and Web-SIG. ICT allows the storage, processing and analysis of digital information collected by the drone, creating e-Platforms available online, the consultation of its contents by citizens and the support for decision-making by local authorities. On the other hand, these digital tools were chosen because they cover the three fundamental phases of the revision of the PDMs: the survey, the treatment and the consultation of the information. Six case studies were analysed in low density territories, in Beiras and Serra da Estrela, the urban perimeters of the municipalities of Almeida, Belmonte, Celorico da Beira, Figueira de Castelo Rodrigo, Mêda and Pinhel. They have in common the inadequate PDMs in force for about thirty years. Among other aspects, it was concluded that the surplus urban areas cover more than 1/3 of the size of the urban perimeters provided for in the analysed PDMs. Finally, it is intended with the results of this thesis to indicate ways for the development of e-PDMs, updated at low cost, with fast and effective solutions to the expectations and changes in the territory, easily disseminated through e-Platforms. Consequently, it will contribute to the consolidation of urban spaces more suitable to low density territories, promoting the development of municipalities in general and the qualification of their cities, towns and villages.
The Municipal Master Plan has been the key figure of urban planning in Portugal that regulates urbanisation and building actions. However, its content has shown ambiguities, namely regarding the urban perimeters. It was expected to be an instrument of consolidation of the continuity of urban areas, but such objective is not always achieved. Among others, one of the causes is the oversized urban perimeters, which are consequently occupied by agriculture, forest, pastures or bushes, aggravated in low density areas with chronic demographic loss, low demand for buildings and urbanisation. Another, is the inertia of an obsolete process that perpetuates in time and space, measures of a PDM unable to respond to the territorial dynamics. In this sense, the aim of this thesis is to proceed to the diagnosis of the urban perimeters of the PDM, using information and communication technologies (ICT), with emphasis on digital photogrammetry using drones, digital cartography, GIS and Web-SIG. ICT allows the storage, processing and analysis of digital information collected by the drone, creating e-Platforms available online, the consultation of its contents by citizens and the support for decision-making by local authorities. On the other hand, these digital tools were chosen because they cover the three fundamental phases of the revision of the PDMs: the survey, the treatment and the consultation of the information. Six case studies were analysed in low density territories, in Beiras and Serra da Estrela, the urban perimeters of the municipalities of Almeida, Belmonte, Celorico da Beira, Figueira de Castelo Rodrigo, Mêda and Pinhel. They have in common the inadequate PDMs in force for about thirty years. Among other aspects, it was concluded that the surplus urban areas cover more than 1/3 of the size of the urban perimeters provided for in the analysed PDMs. Finally, it is intended with the results of this thesis to indicate ways for the development of e-PDMs, updated at low cost, with fast and effective solutions to the expectations and changes in the territory, easily disseminated through e-Platforms. Consequently, it will contribute to the consolidation of urban spaces more suitable to low density territories, promoting the development of municipalities in general and the qualification of their cities, towns and villages.
Description
Keywords
Perímetros urbanos Tecnologias de informação e comunicação (TIC) e-PDM Territórios de baixa densidade Beiras e Serra da Estrela