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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
Introdução: Face à evolução da doença provocada pelo vírus Sars-COV2, a 11 de março
de 2020 a OMS declarou o estado de pandemia global. Vislumbrava-se assim para os
profissionais de saúde um período de grande pressão, marcado por longas horas de
trabalho, reduzido contato com a família, e sobretudo, grande incerteza. É expectável que
este cocktail de fatores se traduza num aumento dos níveis de burnout nos mesmos,
estado de saúde caraterizado pela exaustão emocional, desrealização e
despersonalização, e que tenha também um impacto considerável noutras perturbações
da saúde mental.
Objetivos: Explorar o efeito da pandemia COVID-19 nos Profissionais de saúde, tanto
na incidência e nos níveis de burnout, como também nas principais perturbações da
saúde mental. Com este objetivo, avaliamos os diversos sintomas, fatores de risco, fatores
de proteção e medidas de tratamento/prevenção.
Metodoogia: Foi realizada uma pesquisa na PubMed, orientada pela questão “Qual o
impacto da COVID-19 no Burnout e na saúde mental dos profissionais de saúde? e quais
os fatores de risco, os fatores protetores e as estratégias para prevenir e gerir os efeitos
negativos?” procurando por revisões sistemáticas que estudassem os efeitos da
pandemia nos níveis de burnout e principais alterações da saúde mental nos
profissionais de saúde. Utilizou-se como estratégia de pesquisa “(Healthcare
Professionals AND (Covid-19) And (Burnout))”, tendo sido adicionado como filtro a
exclusividade para revisões sistemáticas concluídas até à data de setembro 2021. Posto
isto, os artigos selecionados de acordo com os critérios PRISMA sofreram um extenso e
rigoroso processo de análise.
Resultados: Foram incluídas 21 revisões sistemáticas neste estudo. É possível
identificar não só o aumento nos níveis de Burnout (precipitado por diversos fatores
subjacentes à pandemia), como também a sua maior prevalência na classe de
enfermagem. Associados ao mesmo, a análise dos diversos estudos aponta como
sintomas mais frequentes nos profissionais de saúde a depressão, ansiedade e o PSPT.
Em relação aos fatores de risco, os resultados evidenciam ser enfermeiro(a), menos anos
de experiência, sexo feminino e a carga horária elevada. A nível de fatores de proteção
evidencia-se o suporte familiar, as habilidades de coping e a crença nos EPIs. Quanto às
medidas de prevenção/tratamento após a análise dos artigos destacaram-se o recurso a equipas de psicólogos/psiquiatras, a redução de horário, a criação de grupos de suporte
intra-hospitalar e a prática frequente de exercício físico.
Conclusão: Concluímos que os efeitos da pandemia de Covid-19 a nível do burnout e
da saúde mental dos profissionais de saúde foram marcantes, registando um aumento
tanto a nível de incidência como de gravidade. É possível identificar claros fatores de
proteção como também medidas de prevenção e tratamento direcionadas às alterações
mentais, com vista a reduzir não só a sua incidência como severidade.
Introduction: According to the development of the disease caused by the Sars-COV2 virus, on March 11, 2020 the WHO declared the state of a global pandemic. Thus, for health professionals, a period of great pressure was envisioned, marked by long working hours, reduced contact with the family, and above all, great uncertainty. It is expected that this cocktail of factors will translate into an increase in burnout levels, a state of health characterized by emotional exhaustion, derealization and depersonalization. Objective: Explore the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on Health Professionals, both on burnout levels and on the main consequences related to mental health. To this end, we evaluated the various symptoms, risk factors, protective factors and treatment/prevention measures. Methods: A PubMed survey was conducted, guided by the question “What is the impact of COVID-19 on Burnout and on the mental health of health professionals? and what are the risk factors, protective factors and strategies to prevent and manage negative effects?” looking for systematic reviews that studied the effects of the pandemic on burnout levels and main mental health changes in health professionals. “(Healthcare Professionals AND (Covid-19) And (Burnout))” was used as a search strategy, having added as an exclusive filter for systematic reviews completed until September 2021. That said, the articles selected according to the PRISMA criteria underwent an extensive and rigorous review process. Results: 21 systematic reviews were included in this study. It is possible to identify not only the increase in Burnout levels (precipitated by several factors underlying the pandemic), but also its higher prevalence in the nursing class. Associated with it, the analysis of the various studies indicates depression, anxiety and PTSD as the most frequent symptoms in health professionals. In relation to risk factors, the results show being a nurse, having fewer years of experience, being female and having a high workload. In terms of protective factors, family support, coping skills and belief in PPE are evident. As for the prevention/treatment measures, after analyzing the articles, the use of teams of psychologists/psychiatrists, the reduction of working hours, the creation of in-hospital support groups and the frequent practice of physical exercise stood out. Conclusion: We conclude that the effects of the Covid-19 pandemic on burnout and on the mental health of health professionals were remarkable, with an increase both in terms of incidence and severity. It is possible to identify protective factors as well as prevention and treatment measures aimed at mental disorders, with a view to reducing not only their incidence but also their severity.
Introduction: According to the development of the disease caused by the Sars-COV2 virus, on March 11, 2020 the WHO declared the state of a global pandemic. Thus, for health professionals, a period of great pressure was envisioned, marked by long working hours, reduced contact with the family, and above all, great uncertainty. It is expected that this cocktail of factors will translate into an increase in burnout levels, a state of health characterized by emotional exhaustion, derealization and depersonalization. Objective: Explore the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on Health Professionals, both on burnout levels and on the main consequences related to mental health. To this end, we evaluated the various symptoms, risk factors, protective factors and treatment/prevention measures. Methods: A PubMed survey was conducted, guided by the question “What is the impact of COVID-19 on Burnout and on the mental health of health professionals? and what are the risk factors, protective factors and strategies to prevent and manage negative effects?” looking for systematic reviews that studied the effects of the pandemic on burnout levels and main mental health changes in health professionals. “(Healthcare Professionals AND (Covid-19) And (Burnout))” was used as a search strategy, having added as an exclusive filter for systematic reviews completed until September 2021. That said, the articles selected according to the PRISMA criteria underwent an extensive and rigorous review process. Results: 21 systematic reviews were included in this study. It is possible to identify not only the increase in Burnout levels (precipitated by several factors underlying the pandemic), but also its higher prevalence in the nursing class. Associated with it, the analysis of the various studies indicates depression, anxiety and PTSD as the most frequent symptoms in health professionals. In relation to risk factors, the results show being a nurse, having fewer years of experience, being female and having a high workload. In terms of protective factors, family support, coping skills and belief in PPE are evident. As for the prevention/treatment measures, after analyzing the articles, the use of teams of psychologists/psychiatrists, the reduction of working hours, the creation of in-hospital support groups and the frequent practice of physical exercise stood out. Conclusion: We conclude that the effects of the Covid-19 pandemic on burnout and on the mental health of health professionals were remarkable, with an increase both in terms of incidence and severity. It is possible to identify protective factors as well as prevention and treatment measures aimed at mental disorders, with a view to reducing not only their incidence but also their severity.
Description
Keywords
Burnout Covid-19 Perturbações de Saúde Mental Profissionais de Saúde