| Name: | Description: | Size: | Format: | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 196.87 KB | Adobe PDF | |||
| 2.61 MB | Adobe PDF |
Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
As quedas nos idosos são consideradas um problema de saúde pública. Não só é relevante a incidência das quedas, sobretudo a partir dos 80 anos, como são também muito graves as consequências associadas aos episódios de quedas, que se traduzem em geral na perda de capacidade, mobilidade, autonomia e aumento da mortalidade. Considerando a natureza multifatorial das quedas, as estratégias de prevenção devem considerar uma abordagem integral aos diferentes fatores, não se devendo limitar a ações individualizadas.
O objetivo do presente trabalho foi determinar o efeito de um programa multifatorial, de exercício físico e redução de perigos habitacionais, no risco de queda, medo em cair e número de perigos habitacionais.
A amostra foi constituída por 30 indivíduos, de idade igual ou superior a 65 anos, residentes no seu domicílio, com médio ou alto risco de queda, sendo integrados em dois grupos, um experimental e um de controlo. A intervenção, com a duração de 16 semanas, consistiu na aplicação de um plano de exercício físico (exercícios de força e equilíbrio) e numa abordagem educacional para a identificação e redução de perigos habitacionais, 2 vezes por semana em casa dos participantes, perfazendo um total de 32 sessões. O risco de queda foi avaliado pela aplicação da escala Performance-Oriented Mobility Assessment (POMA), o medo em cair pela Falls Efficacy Scale (FES) e o número de perigos habitacionais por uma Lista de Perigos adaptada. Para a comparação de resultados foram utilizados teste de t-Student para amostras independentes e cálculo do d de Cohen, com um intervalo de confiança (IC) de 95%.
Os resultados obtidos mostram que, no grupo experimental após a aplicação do programa, houve um aumento significativo nos resultados obtidos pela escala POMA (p=0,000; d=1,16) que traduz uma diminuição do risco de queda e na escala FES (p=0,0095; d=0,10) que mostra uma redução do medo em cair. Relativamente à redução do número de perigos habitacionais, os resultados mostraram uma diminuição significativa em ambos os grupos, embora com maior significância prática no grupo experimental (d=1,14).
Conclui-se que a aplicação de um programa multifatorial, de exercício físico e redução de perigos habitacionais, pode constituir uma estratégia eficaz na redução do risco de queda, do medo em cair e do número de perigos habitacionais.
Falls in older adults are considered a public health issue. Not only the falls incidence is relevant, especially in adults over 80 years old, but also the consequences associated with fall episodes can be very severe, which can result in general loss of capacity, mobility, autonomy and in mortality rate increment. Considering the multifactorial nature of falls, the prevention strategies should consider an integral approach of different factors, instead of being limited to individualized actions. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of a multifactorial program, including exercise and home hazards reduction, in fall risk, fear of falling and in the number of environmental hazards in the homes of older people. The sample was composed by 30 older community-dwelling individuals, aged 65 years and over, with medium to high risk of falling, allocated in two groups, one experimental and one control group. The intervention, which lasted 16 weeks, consisted in the application of an exercise program (involving balance and strength training) and in educational approach towards the identification and reduction of environmental hazards, 2 times a week, in the homes of the participants, summing a total of 32 sessions. The assessment of the fall risk was achieved through the application of the Performance-Oriented Mobility Assessment (POMA), the fear of falling through the Falls Efficacy Scale and the number of environmental hazards through an adapted Hazards List. t-Student test for independent samples and Cohen’s d calculation were used to compare the results, with a 95% confidence interval. The results show that, on the experimental group, after the program application, there was a significant increase on the results obtained from the POMA (p=0,000; d=1,16), which represents a decrease in the risk of falling, and in the FES (p=0,0095; d=0,10) which also indicates a decrease in the fear of falling. When it comes to the Hazards List application, the results show a significant decrease for both groups, reflecting a reduction of environmental hazards found in the homes of the participants. However a superior practical significance was obtained for the experimental group (d=1,14). In summary, the application of a multifactorial program, of exercise and home hazards reduction, can represent an efficient strategy in the decrease of fall risk, fear of falling and number of environmental hazards in the homes of community-dwelling older persons.
Falls in older adults are considered a public health issue. Not only the falls incidence is relevant, especially in adults over 80 years old, but also the consequences associated with fall episodes can be very severe, which can result in general loss of capacity, mobility, autonomy and in mortality rate increment. Considering the multifactorial nature of falls, the prevention strategies should consider an integral approach of different factors, instead of being limited to individualized actions. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of a multifactorial program, including exercise and home hazards reduction, in fall risk, fear of falling and in the number of environmental hazards in the homes of older people. The sample was composed by 30 older community-dwelling individuals, aged 65 years and over, with medium to high risk of falling, allocated in two groups, one experimental and one control group. The intervention, which lasted 16 weeks, consisted in the application of an exercise program (involving balance and strength training) and in educational approach towards the identification and reduction of environmental hazards, 2 times a week, in the homes of the participants, summing a total of 32 sessions. The assessment of the fall risk was achieved through the application of the Performance-Oriented Mobility Assessment (POMA), the fear of falling through the Falls Efficacy Scale and the number of environmental hazards through an adapted Hazards List. t-Student test for independent samples and Cohen’s d calculation were used to compare the results, with a 95% confidence interval. The results show that, on the experimental group, after the program application, there was a significant increase on the results obtained from the POMA (p=0,000; d=1,16), which represents a decrease in the risk of falling, and in the FES (p=0,0095; d=0,10) which also indicates a decrease in the fear of falling. When it comes to the Hazards List application, the results show a significant decrease for both groups, reflecting a reduction of environmental hazards found in the homes of the participants. However a superior practical significance was obtained for the experimental group (d=1,14). In summary, the application of a multifactorial program, of exercise and home hazards reduction, can represent an efficient strategy in the decrease of fall risk, fear of falling and number of environmental hazards in the homes of community-dwelling older persons.
Description
Keywords
Exercício Físico Idosos Perigos Habitacionais Prevenção Quedas