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Abstract(s)
O presente relatório encontra-se inserido na unidade curricular Estágio e representa a
etapa final na obtenção do grau de Mestre em Ciências Farmacêuticas. O trabalho está
dividido em dois capítulos: o primeiro refere-se ao trabalho de investigação, uma
revisão de literatura no âmbito dos modelos de epitélio nasal, bem como a sua
aplicação nos estudos pré-clínicos de segurança; o segundo descreve a experiência
obtida durante o estágio curricular em Farmácia Comunitária.
O primeiro capítulo intitula-se de “Revisão de modelos de epitélio nasal humano nos
estudos pré-clínicos de segurança”. O epitélio nasal, constituinte da mucosa nasal, é o
primeiro local de contacto com xenobióticos e agentes patogénicos e, como tal,
apresenta diversas funções de proteção. No entanto, por ser uma região bastante
propensa à deterioração aguda e crónica acaba por apresentar um interesse acrescido,
tanto para o estudo de patofisiologia do trato respiratório superior, como para a
investigação dos novos medicamentos destinados à administração nasal. A utilização de
animais nos ensaios pré-clínicos de investigação é um assunto bastante polémico que
leva a comunidade científica a explorar modelos alternativos que permitam abdicar
totalmente dos modelos animais. Posto isto, surgem os modelos de epitélio nasal
humano in vitro e ex vivo obtidos de forma não invasiva através de biópsias. A presente
revisão foca-se na caracterização desses modelos, nas suas vantagens e desvantagens
em termos da sua composição e na sua possível utilidade nos estudos pré-clínicos de
segurança das novas formulações farmacêuticas nasais. A avaliação de cada um dos
modelos foi feita com base em presença de células que intervêm nos processos
toxicológicos da mucosa nasal: células ciliadas, células caliciformes produtoras de
muco, células basais; e junções de aderina, por garantirem a integridade do epitélio
nasal. Nos resultados obtidos destacam-se as culturas de células primárias epiteliais e
de células estaminais sob condições ALI, como também ambas as versões do modelo
comercial MucilAir™ como modelos que apresentam características-chave para serem
utilizados nos estudos toxicológicos.
O segundo capítulo é referente ao estágio curricular que se desenvolveu na farmácia
Brasil, em Setúbal, de 29 de janeiro a 26 de junho de 2020. Nesta componente são
descritas as competências técnicas desenvolvidas no âmbito da realidade farmacêutica,
bem como a parte organizacional e de gestão da farmácia. São também reveladas
experiências pessoais face à evolução tecnológica vivida pela área de saúde atualmente
e o seu impacto no negócio da farmácia comunitária.
The present report is part of a curricular unit named Internship and represents a final step to obtain a master’s degree in Pharmaceutical Sciences. This work is divided in two major chapters: the first one refers to the investigation work, a bibliographical review in the scope of nasal epithelium models, as well as its application in preclinical safety studies; the second one describes the experience gained during the internship in community pharmacy. The first chapter is entitled “Review of human nasal epithelium models in preclinical safety studies”. The nasal epithelium, as part of the nasal mucosa, is the first local contact with xenobiotics and pathogens and, therefore, owns different protective functions. However, as it is a region susceptible to acute and chronic deterioration, is showing an increased interest, both for the study of pathophysiology of the upper respiratory tract, as well as for the investigation of new candidates for nasal formulations. The use of animals in preclinical trials has been a quite controversial subject that is leading the scientific community to explore alternatives to succeed entirely the animal models. Therefore, there is an emergence of the models of human nasal epithelium in vitro or ex vivo that can be obtained with non-invasively routes through biopsies. The focus of this revision is a characterization of these models, their advantages and disadvantages and possible utility in preclinical safety studies of new nasal pharmaceutical formulations. The evaluation of each model is based on the presence of cells that take part in toxicological processes of nasal mucosa: ciliated cells, goblet cells with mucus production, basal cells; and tight junctions, which guarantee the integrity of nasal epithelium. As the result the cultures of primary epithelial cells and stem cells under ALI conditions, as well as both versions of the commercial model MucilAir ™ are models that features key characteristics to be used in toxicological studies. The second chapter refers to the curricular internship that took place at “Farmácia Brasil”, in Setúbal, from 29th January till 26th June 2020. In this component it is described the technical skills developed within the scope of the pharmaceutical reality, as well as the organizational and management part of the pharmacy. Personal experiences are also revealed in view of the technological evolution experienced by the health area today and its impact on the community pharmacy business.
The present report is part of a curricular unit named Internship and represents a final step to obtain a master’s degree in Pharmaceutical Sciences. This work is divided in two major chapters: the first one refers to the investigation work, a bibliographical review in the scope of nasal epithelium models, as well as its application in preclinical safety studies; the second one describes the experience gained during the internship in community pharmacy. The first chapter is entitled “Review of human nasal epithelium models in preclinical safety studies”. The nasal epithelium, as part of the nasal mucosa, is the first local contact with xenobiotics and pathogens and, therefore, owns different protective functions. However, as it is a region susceptible to acute and chronic deterioration, is showing an increased interest, both for the study of pathophysiology of the upper respiratory tract, as well as for the investigation of new candidates for nasal formulations. The use of animals in preclinical trials has been a quite controversial subject that is leading the scientific community to explore alternatives to succeed entirely the animal models. Therefore, there is an emergence of the models of human nasal epithelium in vitro or ex vivo that can be obtained with non-invasively routes through biopsies. The focus of this revision is a characterization of these models, their advantages and disadvantages and possible utility in preclinical safety studies of new nasal pharmaceutical formulations. The evaluation of each model is based on the presence of cells that take part in toxicological processes of nasal mucosa: ciliated cells, goblet cells with mucus production, basal cells; and tight junctions, which guarantee the integrity of nasal epithelium. As the result the cultures of primary epithelial cells and stem cells under ALI conditions, as well as both versions of the commercial model MucilAir ™ are models that features key characteristics to be used in toxicological studies. The second chapter refers to the curricular internship that took place at “Farmácia Brasil”, in Setúbal, from 29th January till 26th June 2020. In this component it is described the technical skills developed within the scope of the pharmaceutical reality, as well as the organizational and management part of the pharmacy. Personal experiences are also revealed in view of the technological evolution experienced by the health area today and its impact on the community pharmacy business.
Description
Keywords
Cultura de Células Epitélio Nasal Humano Estudos de Segurança Farmácia Comunitária Modelo Nasal