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Abstract(s)
O processo de envelhecimento está acelerado, a nível mundial, como consequência do
aumento da esperança de vida. À medida que envelhecemos, a ocorrência de doenças
crónicas torna-se frequente, assim como a multimorbilidade, que se define como a
ocorrência de duas ou mais doenças crónicas no mesmo individuo. Atualmente, em
Portugal, existe uma elevada prevalência desta condição, afetando cerca de 72,7% dos
utentes adultos dos cuidados de saúde primários, seguindo o mesmo padrão do resto
do mundo.
Também, de acordo com a tendência atual, é esperado um envelhecimento significativo
da população portuguesa nas próximas décadas, prevendo-se que, em 2050, cerca de
32% da população tenha uma idade igual ou superior a 65 anos.
A multimorbilidade está associada a pior qualidade de vida, a um nível de saúde mais
baixo e a mortalidade mais elevada. Estes doentes têm necessidades de saúde mais
complexas e são responsáveis por uma elevada utilização dos serviços de saúde.
Este trabalho pretende, preliminarmente, dar a conhecer o impacto e a carga da
multimorbilidade no plano da qualidade de vida, não obstante a ser objeto de reflexão
sobre um tema tão complexo e que traz tantas implicações, quer para o individuo, quer
para a sociedade.
Para a presente revisão narrativa da literatura, a pesquisa bibliográfica foi realizada
entre janeiro e abril de 2021. As bases de dados incluíram a Pubmed, o Google
Académico, e ainda livros e revistas médicas portuguesas e brasileiras. As palavraschave utilizadas foram “multimorbidity” AND “health-related quality of life” AND
“primary care”. Foram considerados, para estudo e análise, os textos completos dos
artigos desde o ano de 1989 até 2021, escritos na língua portuguesa e inglesa.
Em conclusão, a multimorbilidade é uma condição com frequência crescente com o
avanço da idade, sendo muito comum nas pessoas idosas, que afeta significativamente
a qualidade de vida, o estado funcional e expectativa de vida. Mas a multimorbilidade
também é um fenómeno complexo, com um número quase infinito de combinações de
doenças possíveis e de implicações pouco claras. Portanto, não será de estranhar que hajam apenas evidências marginais sobre as causas e o impacto da multimorbilidade.
Para tornar as coisas ainda mais enigmáticas, existe uma grande diversidade de
definições e critérios de multimorbilidade uma miríade de diferentes medidas e
instrumentos de avaliação, além de diferenças consideráveis nas populações estudadas.
The aging process is accelerated worldwide as a result of the increase in life expectancy. As we age, the occurrence of chronic diseases becomes frequent, as well as multimorbidity, which is defined as the occurrence of two or more chronic diseases in the same individual. Currently, in Portugal, there is a high prevalence of this condition, affecting about 72.7% of adult users of primary health care, following the same pattern as in the rest of the world. Also, according to current trends, a significant aging of the Portuguese population is expected in the coming decades, with an estimated 32% of the population aged 65 or over in 2050. Multimorbidity is associated with worse quality of life, a lower level of health and higher mortality. These patients have more complex health needs and are responsible for a high use of health services. This work intends, preliminarily, to make known the impact and burden of multimorbidity in terms of quality of life, despite being the object of reflection on such a complex topic that has so many implications for the individual and for society. For the present narrative literature review, the search of literature was carried out between January and April 2021. The databases included were Pubmed, Google Scholar, and Portuguese and Brazilian medical books and journals. The keywords used were “multimorbidity” AND “health-related quality of life” AND “primary care”. For study and analysis, the full texts of articles from 1989 to 2021, written in Portuguese and English, were considered. In conclusion, multimorbidity is a condition with increasing frequency with advancing age, being very common in the elderly, which significantly affects quality of life, functional status and life expectancy. But multimorbidity is also a complex phenomenon, with an almost infinite number of possible disease combinations and unclear implications. Therefore, it is not surprising that there is only marginal evidence on the causes and impact of multimorbidity. To make matters even more puzzling, there is a great diversity of definitions and criteria for multimorbidity, a myriad of different measures and assessment instruments, and considerable differences in the studied populations.
The aging process is accelerated worldwide as a result of the increase in life expectancy. As we age, the occurrence of chronic diseases becomes frequent, as well as multimorbidity, which is defined as the occurrence of two or more chronic diseases in the same individual. Currently, in Portugal, there is a high prevalence of this condition, affecting about 72.7% of adult users of primary health care, following the same pattern as in the rest of the world. Also, according to current trends, a significant aging of the Portuguese population is expected in the coming decades, with an estimated 32% of the population aged 65 or over in 2050. Multimorbidity is associated with worse quality of life, a lower level of health and higher mortality. These patients have more complex health needs and are responsible for a high use of health services. This work intends, preliminarily, to make known the impact and burden of multimorbidity in terms of quality of life, despite being the object of reflection on such a complex topic that has so many implications for the individual and for society. For the present narrative literature review, the search of literature was carried out between January and April 2021. The databases included were Pubmed, Google Scholar, and Portuguese and Brazilian medical books and journals. The keywords used were “multimorbidity” AND “health-related quality of life” AND “primary care”. For study and analysis, the full texts of articles from 1989 to 2021, written in Portuguese and English, were considered. In conclusion, multimorbidity is a condition with increasing frequency with advancing age, being very common in the elderly, which significantly affects quality of life, functional status and life expectancy. But multimorbidity is also a complex phenomenon, with an almost infinite number of possible disease combinations and unclear implications. Therefore, it is not surprising that there is only marginal evidence on the causes and impact of multimorbidity. To make matters even more puzzling, there is a great diversity of definitions and criteria for multimorbidity, a myriad of different measures and assessment instruments, and considerable differences in the studied populations.
Description
Keywords
Cuidados de Saúde Primários Multimorbilidade Qualidade de Vida Relacionada com a Saúde