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Publication
A Evolução Histórica da Dominância Cerebral
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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
O objetivo principal desta dissertação é descrever e analisar a evolução histórica da
Dominância Cerebral. Antes do século XVIII a crença prevalente era de que a massa cerebral
era uniforme. Na fase final do período Renascentista, Thomas Willis postulou a atribuição
de funções às circunvoluções cerebrais. No ano de 1796, o anatomista Franz Gall propôs a
localização de partes específicas do cérebro relacionadas com algumas faculdades mentais.
Posteriormente, em 1865, o médico Paul Broca descobriu a área do controlo da fala, embora
a descoberta tivesse sido antecipada por Marc Dax. Em 1868 o neurologista J.H. Jackson
propôs a ideia da Dominância Cerebral e, em 1870, Eduard Hitzig e Gustav Fritsch
desvendaram a área cortical motora. No século XX surge o termo Lateralização Hemisférica
(1981 Sperry, Prémio Nobel pelo estudo das funções dos hemisférios cerebrais).
Atualmente existem estudos de Dominância Cerebral que se relacionam com a formação
previamente adquirida. Sabemos que vários fatores determinam a Lateralização Cerebral:
hereditários, epigenéticos, sociais e ambientais. Embora exista um modelo de especialização
hemisférica, sabemos ainda que existe uma complementaridade hemisférica e, as técnicas
avançadas de Ressonância Magnética Funcional ou a Tomografia por Emissão de Positrões
mostram que ambos os hemisférios intervêm na maioria das funções cerebrais.
A metodologia usada neste trabalho foi a pesquisa bibliográfica de informação nas bases de
dados PubMed e Medscape. Foram também consultados alguns livros de referência sobre o
assunto em apreço. Os artigos obtidos foram lidos na íntegra e selecionados segundo a
relevância apresentada. A bibliografia consultada incluiu as línguas portuguesa, inglesa e
espanhola.
The main goal of this dissertation is to describe and analyze the historical evolution of Cerebral Dominance. Before the 18th century, the prevailing belief was that the cerebral mass was uniform. By the end stages of the Renaissance period, Thomas Willis postulated the attribution of functions to the cerebral gyri. In the year 1796, the anatomist Franz Gall proposed that specific areas of the brain were related to some mental faculties. Later, in 1865, Doctor Paul Broca discovered the area for speech control, although the discovery was preceded by Marc Dax. In 1868, the neurologist J. H. Jackson proposed the idea of Cerebral Dominance and, in 1870, Eduard Hitzig and Gustav Fritsch unveiled the motor cortex. In the 20th century, the term Hemispheric Lateralization emerges (19811 Sperry, Nobel Prize for the study of the functions of the cerebral hemispheres). Currently, there are studies of Cerebral Dominance in relation to human development and previously acquired skills. We now know that many factors determine Cerebral Lateralization: hereditary, epigenetic, social and environmental. Although a model of hemispheric specialization exists, we also know that there is hemispheric complementarity and advanced techniques of Functional Magnetic Resonance imaging and Positron Emission Tomography show that both hemispheres intervene in most of the cerebral functions. The methodology for this work was the bibliographical research of information on the PubMed and Medscape databases. Additionally, books of reference relating to this dissertation's theme were also consulted. The articles obtained were read in full and selected based upon their relevance. The bibliography consulted included works in Portuguese, English and Spanish.
The main goal of this dissertation is to describe and analyze the historical evolution of Cerebral Dominance. Before the 18th century, the prevailing belief was that the cerebral mass was uniform. By the end stages of the Renaissance period, Thomas Willis postulated the attribution of functions to the cerebral gyri. In the year 1796, the anatomist Franz Gall proposed that specific areas of the brain were related to some mental faculties. Later, in 1865, Doctor Paul Broca discovered the area for speech control, although the discovery was preceded by Marc Dax. In 1868, the neurologist J. H. Jackson proposed the idea of Cerebral Dominance and, in 1870, Eduard Hitzig and Gustav Fritsch unveiled the motor cortex. In the 20th century, the term Hemispheric Lateralization emerges (19811 Sperry, Nobel Prize for the study of the functions of the cerebral hemispheres). Currently, there are studies of Cerebral Dominance in relation to human development and previously acquired skills. We now know that many factors determine Cerebral Lateralization: hereditary, epigenetic, social and environmental. Although a model of hemispheric specialization exists, we also know that there is hemispheric complementarity and advanced techniques of Functional Magnetic Resonance imaging and Positron Emission Tomography show that both hemispheres intervene in most of the cerebral functions. The methodology for this work was the bibliographical research of information on the PubMed and Medscape databases. Additionally, books of reference relating to this dissertation's theme were also consulted. The articles obtained were read in full and selected based upon their relevance. The bibliography consulted included works in Portuguese, English and Spanish.
Description
Keywords
Brain Asymmetries Cerebral Dominance Cerebral Lateralization Cerebral Localization Hemispheric Specialization