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Publication
Sono em Adultos Idosos
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| Documento em Acesso Embargado até dia 08-07-2026. Tente solicitar cópia ao autor carregando no ficheiro | 3.34 MB | Adobe PDF |
Abstract(s)
O sono desempenha um papel essencial para a saúde e o bem-estar geral, assumindo algumas especificidades com o envelhecimento. Alterações no sono podem indicar o início de problemas neurológicos, já que a qualidade do sono influencia processos fundamentais para o funcionamento cerebral, incluindo a memória e o humor. Essas alterações podem afetar a capacidade de o adulto mais velho se recuperar física e mentalmente, levando a um maior risco de défice cognitivo e a um declínio global na qualidade de vida. A má qualidade do sono pode agravar problemas de atenção e memória, contribuindo para a progressão de condições como demência. Além disso, o sono insuficiente ou fragmentado pode aumentar a vulnerabilidade do adulto mais velho a perturbações como ansiedade e depressão. Em situações de dependência ou limitações funcionais, o ingresso em Estruturas Residenciais para Pessoas Idosas (ERPI) pode ser uma solução de apoio, porém, essa mudança representa uma adaptação que pode impactar ainda mais a rotina e a qualidade do sono dos adultos mais velhos, dado o ambiente institucional e a perda de controlo sobre o próprio espaço e horários. Perante o exposto, torna-se pertinente compreender a relevância do sono nos adultos mais velhos, sejam eles residentes em ERPI ou na comunidade. Esta investigação pretende estudar o sono em adultos mais velhos residentes em ERPI e em adultos mais velhos a viver na comunidade. Esta investigação é constituída por três estudos: o primeiro estudo, de natureza qualitativa com grupos focais, pretendeu comparar a visão dos adultos mais velhos residentes, nos dois contextos, sobre o sono, hábitos e rotinas de sono e estratégias para lidarem com os problemas de sono. Participaram neste estudo sete adultos mais velhos residentes em ERPI e seis residentes na comunidade. Os resultados revelam diferenças quanto ao número de horas necessárias para dormir e relativamente aos horários de deitar e levantar, mas também se apuraram semelhanças quanto a rotinas para adormecer. O segundo estudo, também qualitativo com grupos focais, realizou uma análise comparativa de profissionais de Estruturas Residenciais Gerontológicas, da Suíça e Portugal, sobre o sono dos adultos mais velhos. O grupo focal consistiu em seis profissionais de Portugal e oito da Suíça. Utilizando uma análise de conteúdo, o estudo identificou tanto práticas comuns quanto diferenças específicas na abordagem e nas intervenções adotadas por cada país. Os profissionais portugueses tendem a utilizar uma abordagem mais estruturada e protocolar, focando-se em rotinas pré-estabelecidas e na administração de medicamentos, quando necessário. As intervenções incluem o uso de infusões, horários de deitar e acordar rigorosos, e atividades físicas para promover o bem-estar geral dos residentes. Na Suíça, observou-se uma abordagem mais individualizada e flexível, com ênfase em terapias não-farmacológicas, como aromaterapia e técnicas de relaxamento antes de dormir. Além disso, os profissionais suíços destacaram a importância de um ambiente noturno adaptado, incluindo a redução de ruídos e luzes controladas, para minimizar interrupções do sono. A análise comparativa revelou que essas diferenças podem estar associadas às formações culturais e às políticas de saúde específicas de cada país, refletindo uma tendência suíça para a prestação de cuidados mais personalizados em relação aos adultos mais velhos. O terceiro é um estudo exploratório quantitativo, realizado na Beira Interior, e permitiu analisar e comparar a qualidade do sono dos adultos mais velhos residentes em ERPI (n=55) e residentes na comunidade (n=55). Os resultados revelaram que os adultos mais velhos residentes na comunidade têm maior tendência para reportar queixas de insónia e baixa qualidade de sono, comparativamente aos adultos mais velhos residentes em ERPI, onde a maioria dos participantes não apresenta insónia severa. Os resultados desta investigação sugerem que a qualidade do sono em adultos mais velhos difere em função de fatores como a duração do sono, género, condições de saúde, fatores psicossociais e utilização de abordagens não-farmacológicas, que se revelam promotoras da qualidade do sono. Diferenças culturais, como a maior individualização dos cuidados observada na Suíça, também parecem ser diferenciadoras da qualidade do sono em estruturas residenciais gerontológicas. Os resultados desta investigação sugerem a necessidade de estudos mais aprofundados sobre a qualidade do sono, e mais robustos do ponto de vista metodológico, nomeadamente com uma amostra representativa da população e instrumentos e estratégias de avaliação do sono e da sua qualidade aplicáveis a mais participantes e métodos objetivos. Esta investigação destaca a importância do estudo e da valorização do sono para a promoção da saúde e bem-estar na velhice.
Sleep plays an essential role in general health and well-being, and it takes on some specific characteristics with ageing. Alterations in sleep can indicate the onset of neurological problems, as the quality of sleep influences processes that are fundamental to brain function, including memory and mood. These changes can affect the older adult's ability to recover physically and mentally, leading to a greater risk of cognitive impairment and an overall decline in quality of life. Poor sleep quality can aggravate attention and memory problems, contributing to the progression of conditions such as dementia. In addition, insufficient or fragmented sleep can increase an older adult's vulnerability to disorders such as anxiety and depression. In situations of dependency or functional limitations, entering Long-Term Care Facilities (LTCFs) can be a supportive solution, but this change represents an adaptation that can further impact the routine and quality of sleep of older adults, given the institutional environment and the loss of control over one's own space and schedule. In view of the above, it is important to understand the importance of sleep for older adults, whether they live in an LTCFs or in the community. This research aims to study sleep in older adults living in LTCFs and in older adults living in the community. This research consists of three studies: the first, a qualitative study with focus groups, aimed to compare the views of older adults living in the two contexts on sleep, sleep habits and routines, and strategies for dealing with sleep problems. Seven older adults living in LTCFs and six living in the community took part in this study. The results revealed differences in the number of hours needed to sleep and in bedtime and rising times, but also similarities in terms of falling asleep routines. The second study, also qualitative with focus groups, carried out a comparative analysis of professionals from Gerontological Residential Structures in Switzerland and Portugal on the sleep of older adults. The focus group consisted of six professionals from Portugal and eight from Switzerland. Using content analysis, the study identified both common practices and specific differences in the approach and interventions adopted by each country. Portuguese professionals tend to use a more structured and protocol-based approach, focusing on pre-established routines and the administration of medication when necessary. Interventions include the use of infusions, strict bedtimes and wake-up times, and physical activities to promote the general well-being of residents. In Switzerland, a more individualized and flexible approach was observed, with an emphasis on nonpharmacological therapies such as aromatherapy and relaxation techniques before bedtime. In addition, Swiss professionals stressed the importance of an adapted nighttime environment, including noise reduction and controlled lights, to minimize sleep interruptions. The comparative analysis revealed that these differences may be associated with the cultural backgrounds and specific health policies of each country, reflecting a Swiss tendency to provide more personalized care for older adults. The third is a quantitative exploratory study, carried out in Beira Interior, which analyzed and compared the sleep quality of older adults living in LTCFs (n=55) and those living in the community (n=55). The results revealed that older adults living in the community have a greater tendency to report insomnia and poor sleep quality, compared to older adults living in LTCFs, where the majority of participants do not experience severe insomnia. The results of this research suggest that sleep quality in older adults differs according to factors such as sleep duration, gender, health conditions, psychosocial factors and the use of non-pharmacological approaches, which are shown to promote sleep quality. Cultural differences, such as the greater individualization of care observed in Switzerland, also seem to differentiate sleep quality in institutions for older adults. The results of this research suggest the need for more in-depth studies on sleep quality, and more robust ones from a methodological point of view, namely with a representative sample of the population and instruments and strategies for assessing sleep and its quality applicable to more participants and objective methods. This research highlights the importance of studying and valuing sleep to promote health and well-being in old age.
Sleep plays an essential role in general health and well-being, and it takes on some specific characteristics with ageing. Alterations in sleep can indicate the onset of neurological problems, as the quality of sleep influences processes that are fundamental to brain function, including memory and mood. These changes can affect the older adult's ability to recover physically and mentally, leading to a greater risk of cognitive impairment and an overall decline in quality of life. Poor sleep quality can aggravate attention and memory problems, contributing to the progression of conditions such as dementia. In addition, insufficient or fragmented sleep can increase an older adult's vulnerability to disorders such as anxiety and depression. In situations of dependency or functional limitations, entering Long-Term Care Facilities (LTCFs) can be a supportive solution, but this change represents an adaptation that can further impact the routine and quality of sleep of older adults, given the institutional environment and the loss of control over one's own space and schedule. In view of the above, it is important to understand the importance of sleep for older adults, whether they live in an LTCFs or in the community. This research aims to study sleep in older adults living in LTCFs and in older adults living in the community. This research consists of three studies: the first, a qualitative study with focus groups, aimed to compare the views of older adults living in the two contexts on sleep, sleep habits and routines, and strategies for dealing with sleep problems. Seven older adults living in LTCFs and six living in the community took part in this study. The results revealed differences in the number of hours needed to sleep and in bedtime and rising times, but also similarities in terms of falling asleep routines. The second study, also qualitative with focus groups, carried out a comparative analysis of professionals from Gerontological Residential Structures in Switzerland and Portugal on the sleep of older adults. The focus group consisted of six professionals from Portugal and eight from Switzerland. Using content analysis, the study identified both common practices and specific differences in the approach and interventions adopted by each country. Portuguese professionals tend to use a more structured and protocol-based approach, focusing on pre-established routines and the administration of medication when necessary. Interventions include the use of infusions, strict bedtimes and wake-up times, and physical activities to promote the general well-being of residents. In Switzerland, a more individualized and flexible approach was observed, with an emphasis on nonpharmacological therapies such as aromatherapy and relaxation techniques before bedtime. In addition, Swiss professionals stressed the importance of an adapted nighttime environment, including noise reduction and controlled lights, to minimize sleep interruptions. The comparative analysis revealed that these differences may be associated with the cultural backgrounds and specific health policies of each country, reflecting a Swiss tendency to provide more personalized care for older adults. The third is a quantitative exploratory study, carried out in Beira Interior, which analyzed and compared the sleep quality of older adults living in LTCFs (n=55) and those living in the community (n=55). The results revealed that older adults living in the community have a greater tendency to report insomnia and poor sleep quality, compared to older adults living in LTCFs, where the majority of participants do not experience severe insomnia. The results of this research suggest that sleep quality in older adults differs according to factors such as sleep duration, gender, health conditions, psychosocial factors and the use of non-pharmacological approaches, which are shown to promote sleep quality. Cultural differences, such as the greater individualization of care observed in Switzerland, also seem to differentiate sleep quality in institutions for older adults. The results of this research suggest the need for more in-depth studies on sleep quality, and more robust ones from a methodological point of view, namely with a representative sample of the population and instruments and strategies for assessing sleep and its quality applicable to more participants and objective methods. This research highlights the importance of studying and valuing sleep to promote health and well-being in old age.
Description
Keywords
Sono Qualidade do Sono Adultos Mais Velhos Envelhecimento Estrutura Residencial para Pessoas Idosas (ERPI) Sleep Sleep Quality Aging Older Adults