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Acidente Vascular Cerebral, é caracterizado por um deficit neurológico, de início abrupto, que ocorre devido a uma lesão focal no sistema nervoso central. O acidente vascular cerebral pode ser classificado em acidente vascular cerebral isquémico, que pode ser trombótico ou embólico, acidente vascular cerebral hemorrágico, criptogénico ou ainda ataque isquémico transitório.
O exame complementar de diagnóstico mais utilizado para a confirmação da presença de um AVC é a tomografia axial computorizada sem contraste, pelo fato de este exame ser bastante sensível. Também poderemos utilizar a ressonância magnética (RM) pois esta permite uma deteção precoce das lesões encontradas pela TAC e de áreas de enfarte reduzidas. Já a Ressonância magnética angiográfica, modalidade da RM que usa um contraste de gadolíneo de maneira a visualizar melhor dos vasos sanguíneos cerebrais, permite uma reconstrução em 3D da árvore vascular possibilitando a sua visualização pormenorizada.
Durante os últimos anos temos visto uma diminuição do número de mortes por AVC, sendo esta diminuição devido a uma melhor compreensão e consciencialização da população sobre os fatores de risco, assim como pela deteção precoce do AVC e pela melhoria dos tratamentos existentes.
São vários os fatores de risco encontrados que contribuem para o aumento do risco de AVC. Num estudo realizado, apenas 10 fatores de risco contribuíram para 87% dos casos de AVC. Esses fatores de risco são a hipertensão, níveis dos lípidos, inatividade física, tabaco, dieta, ratio cintura-anca, história de diabetes, ingestão excessiva de álcool, stress ou depressão e causas cardíacas. A hipertensão destaca-se por ser o principal fator de risco.
Stroke is characterized by a neurological deficit of sudden onset, which occurs due to a focal injury in the central nervous system. A stroke can be divided into ischemic stroke, which can be thrombotic or embolic, hemorrhagic stroke, cryptogenic or transient ischemic attack. The exam most widely used to confirm the presence of a stroke is the CT scan without contrast because this test is very sensitive. We may also use magnetic resonance imaging as this allows early detection of lesions found by CT and smal infarct areas. The angiographic magnetic resonance imaging, a MRI method using a gadolinium contrast in order to better visualization of the cerebral blood vessels, allows a 3D reconstruction of the vascular tree enabling a detailed view. During the last years we have seen a decrease in the number of deaths from stroke, this decrease is due a better understanding and conscience of the population about the risk factors as well as the early detection of stroke and improvement of existing treatments. There are several risk factors found that contribute to the increased risk of stroke. In a study, only 10 risk factors contributing to 87% of stroke cases, they are high blood pressure, high lipid levels, physical inactivity, tobacco, diet, ratio waist-hip, history of diabetes, increased intake of alcohol, stress or depression and cardiac causes. Hypertension stands out to be the biggest risk factor.
Stroke is characterized by a neurological deficit of sudden onset, which occurs due to a focal injury in the central nervous system. A stroke can be divided into ischemic stroke, which can be thrombotic or embolic, hemorrhagic stroke, cryptogenic or transient ischemic attack. The exam most widely used to confirm the presence of a stroke is the CT scan without contrast because this test is very sensitive. We may also use magnetic resonance imaging as this allows early detection of lesions found by CT and smal infarct areas. The angiographic magnetic resonance imaging, a MRI method using a gadolinium contrast in order to better visualization of the cerebral blood vessels, allows a 3D reconstruction of the vascular tree enabling a detailed view. During the last years we have seen a decrease in the number of deaths from stroke, this decrease is due a better understanding and conscience of the population about the risk factors as well as the early detection of stroke and improvement of existing treatments. There are several risk factors found that contribute to the increased risk of stroke. In a study, only 10 risk factors contributing to 87% of stroke cases, they are high blood pressure, high lipid levels, physical inactivity, tobacco, diet, ratio waist-hip, history of diabetes, increased intake of alcohol, stress or depression and cardiac causes. Hypertension stands out to be the biggest risk factor.
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Keywords
Acidente Vascular Cerebral Hipertiroidismo Hipotiroidismo Hipotiroidismo Subclínico Tireotoxicose