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Portugal, em 2015, apresentava o 5º valor mais elevado de índice de envelhecimento da União Europeia. A população portuguesa tendo vindo a envelhecer, não só em termos absolutos, dado o aumento da esperança média de vida, mas também em termos relativos, em consequência das baixas taxas de natalidade. O envelhecimento representa por isso um desafio enorme para a sociedade na adoção de estratégias que possam garantir bem-estar e qualidade de vida dos mais idosos. Nesse sentido, a área das Ciências do Desporto tem um contributo importante a dar para a manutenção da aptidão física funcional tendo em vista a autonomia e independência desta população.
O presente relatório de estágio traduz a especialização profissional no âmbito de Exercício e Saúde, desenvolvida num estágio realizado na instituição Don António – Residência Sénior (Peraboa, Covilhã), tendo em vista a obtenção do grau de mestre no curso de Ciências do Desporto da Universidade da Beira Interior. O estágio visou a aprendizagem e a melhoria de competências específicas para trabalhar com idosos institucionalizados, como a postura, a comunicação, a linguagem e a socialização, bem como a melhoria de competências operacionais na conceção e orientação de programas de atividade física para idosos. Procurou-se também adquirir competências cientificas ao nível da estruturação e condução de um trabalho de investigação realizado no âmbito do treino de equilíbrio em idosos.
Assim o estágio dividiu-se em quatro etapas: observação, intervenção prática, desenvolvimento de atividades e investigação. A intervenção prática realizada junto dos idosos consistiu na orientação das classes de movimento em grupo e trabalho de forma individual, bem como o desenvolvimento de atividades complementares.
No trabalho de investigação avaliou-se o efeito de um programa de treino de equilíbrio na melhoria do equilíbrio funcional em idosos institucionalizados. A amostra foi constituída por um grupo de controlo (n=8) que realizava as atividades diárias da instituição, e um grupo de intervenção (n=9), que além da rotina habitual, realizou um programa de treino especifico de equilíbrio durante 10 semanas, 40 minutos por semana. Foi aplicado o teste de Tinetti (POMA) adaptado para avaliação do equilíbrio. No final foram observadas melhorias no grupo de intervenção no equilíbrio funcional global (p=0,011), no equilíbrio estático (p=0,014) e na marcha (p=0,017). Os resultados sugerem que programas específicos de treino de equilíbrio, mesmo com duração reduzida, devem ser incorporados nas atividades diárias dos idosos de forma a reduzir o risco de queda.
In 2015 Portugal had the 5th highest aging index in the European Union. The Portuguese population has been aging device to the average life expectancy increase, but also as result of low birth rates. Ageing is therefore a major challenge for society to adopt strategies to ensure well-being and quality of life of the elderly. In this sense, the area of Sport Science has an important role in contributing to the maintenance of functional fitness in view of the autonomy and independence of this population. This internship report reflects the professional expertise in the field of Exercise and Health, developed at Don Antonio institution - Senior Residence (Peraboa, Covilhã), in order to obtain a master's degree in Sports Sciences of University of Beira Interior. The internship aimed to learn and improve specific skills to work with institutionalized elderly, such as posture, communication, language and socialization, as well like upgrading operational expertise in the design and guidance of physical activity programs for seniors. It is also sought to acquire scientific skills on a research work carried out in the framework of balance training in the elderly. Thus the internship was divided into four stages: observation, practical intervention, development activities and research. The practical intervention conducted with the elderly was the guidance of movement classes in group and individual, as well as the development of complementary activities. In the research project, it was evaluated the effect of a balance training program on improving the functional balance in institutionalized elderly. The sample consisted of a control group (n = 8) who performed the daily activities of the institution, and an intervention group (n = 9), which in addition to the usual routine, carried out a specific balance training program for 10 weeks, 40 minutes per week. To assess balance, the Tinetti test (POMA) was applied. Improvements were observed for the intervention group in the global functional balance (p=0.011) in static balance (p=0.014) and gait (p=0.017). The results suggest that specific balance training programs even with limited duration should be incorporated into the daily activities of the elderly to reduce the risk of falling.
In 2015 Portugal had the 5th highest aging index in the European Union. The Portuguese population has been aging device to the average life expectancy increase, but also as result of low birth rates. Ageing is therefore a major challenge for society to adopt strategies to ensure well-being and quality of life of the elderly. In this sense, the area of Sport Science has an important role in contributing to the maintenance of functional fitness in view of the autonomy and independence of this population. This internship report reflects the professional expertise in the field of Exercise and Health, developed at Don Antonio institution - Senior Residence (Peraboa, Covilhã), in order to obtain a master's degree in Sports Sciences of University of Beira Interior. The internship aimed to learn and improve specific skills to work with institutionalized elderly, such as posture, communication, language and socialization, as well like upgrading operational expertise in the design and guidance of physical activity programs for seniors. It is also sought to acquire scientific skills on a research work carried out in the framework of balance training in the elderly. Thus the internship was divided into four stages: observation, practical intervention, development activities and research. The practical intervention conducted with the elderly was the guidance of movement classes in group and individual, as well as the development of complementary activities. In the research project, it was evaluated the effect of a balance training program on improving the functional balance in institutionalized elderly. The sample consisted of a control group (n = 8) who performed the daily activities of the institution, and an intervention group (n = 9), which in addition to the usual routine, carried out a specific balance training program for 10 weeks, 40 minutes per week. To assess balance, the Tinetti test (POMA) was applied. Improvements were observed for the intervention group in the global functional balance (p=0.011) in static balance (p=0.014) and gait (p=0.017). The results suggest that specific balance training programs even with limited duration should be incorporated into the daily activities of the elderly to reduce the risk of falling.
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Keywords
Equilíbrio Estágio Idosos Institucionalizados Programa de Treino