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Abstract(s)
A presente dissertação encontra-se subdividida em dois capítulos, que retratam cada
um dos períodos de aprendizagem integrados na unidade curricular Estágio do
Mestrado Integrado em Ciências Farmacêuticas.
O primeiro capítulo expõe o projeto de investigação desenvolvido na área da
neurociência e sob orientação da Professora Doutora Graça Baltazar. Trata-se de um
estudo de revisão bibliográfica na temática do recetor de estrogénio acoplado a proteína
G (GPER) e os seus mecanismos nas diferentes células da neuróglia.
Recentemente, o GPER emerge como um novo recetor de estrogénio, que ao contrário
dos recetores clássicos a e ß, se expressa na membrana celular e medeia os efeitos
rápidos não genómicos associados ao estradiol (E2). Apesar da distribuição geral no
organismo humano, o GPER é descrito como altamente expresso no sistema nervoso
central, acompanhando neurónios e elementos gliais como os astrócitos, microglia e
oligodendrócitos. Os mecanismos de sinalização ativados por este recetor nos tecidos
neurais nunca foram totalmente compreendidos e os dados existentes sempre se
focaram mais nos efeitos produzidos em neurónios, que propriamente em células gliais.
Contudo, começam a surgir mais estudos focados nas células gliais, tornando-se
importante rever a informação existente neste campo. Desta forma, propusemos a
análise e sintetização dos efeitos desencadeados pela ativação deste recetor a nível glial.
Foi realizada uma pesquisa na base de dados Pubmed, com termos, operadores
boleanos e intervalo temporal bem definidos. Após análise dos resultados da pesquisa
foram incluídos 34 artigos nesta revisão. Concluímos que a ativação do recetor é
responsável por uma grande variedade de efeitos ao nível das células gliais, que
incluem mecanismos inibitórios da excitotoxicidade glutamatérgica, anti-inflamatórios,
reguladores da autofagia, do metabolismo, da migração, proliferação celular,
fagocitose, neurogénese e da mielinização. Os dados existentes evidenciam o forte
potencial do GPER, bem como dos seus ligantes (agonistas/antagonistas), na gestão
das doenças do foro neurológico.
O segundo capítulo expõe o relatório da experiência profissionalizante vivida em
Farmácia Comunitária, o estágio realizado na Farmácia Mariadeira, durante o período
de 15 de fevereiro a 02 de junho de 2021, sob orientação da Dr.ª Andreia Morgado. São apresentadas todas as vicissitudes da prática farmacêutica, desde o funcionamento
geral da farmácia à legislação que regula o setor, bem como alguns exemplos da minha
intervenção.
The present dissertation is subdivided into two chapters, which depict each of the learning periods integrated within the course unit 'Internship' of the Integrated Master's Degree in Pharmaceutical Sciences. The first chapter presents the research project conducted in the field of neuroscience and under the guidance of Professor Graça Baltazar, PhD. It is a literature review study on the topic of the G-protein coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) and its mechanisms in different glial cells. Recently, GPER has emerged as a novel estrogen receptor that, unlike the classical a and ß receptors, is expressed on the cell membrane and mediates the rapid nongenomic effects associated with estradiol (E2). Despite its widespread distribution in the human body, GPER is described as highly expressed in the central nervous system, accompanying neurons and glial elements such as astrocytes, microglia, and oligodendrocytes. The signaling mechanisms activated by this receptor in neural tissues have never been fully understood, and existing data have always focused more on the effects produced in neurons rather than glial cells. However, there is an increasing number of studies focusing on glial cells, making it important to review the existing information in this field. Therefore, we proposed the analysis and synthesis of the effects triggered by the activation of this receptor at the glial level. A search was conducted in the Pubmed database, using well-defined terms, Boolean operators, and a specific time range. After analyzing the research results, 34 articles were included in this review. We concluded that the receptor activation is responsible for a wide range of effects at the glial cell level, including inhibitory mechanisms of glutamatergic excitotoxicity, anti-inflammatory actions, regulation of autophagy, metabolism, migration, cell proliferation, phagocytosis, neurogenesis, and myelination. The existing data highlight the strong potential of GPER, as well as its ligands (agonists/antagonists), in the management of neurological disorders. The second chapter presents the report of the professional experience lived in Community Pharmacy, the internship carried out at Farmácia Mariadeira, throughout the period from 15th February to 2nd June 2021, under the guidance of Mrs. Andreia Morgado, PharmD. In this chapter we present all the details of pharmaceutical practice, from the general functioning of the pharmacy to the legislation that regulates the sector, as well as some examples of my intervention.
The present dissertation is subdivided into two chapters, which depict each of the learning periods integrated within the course unit 'Internship' of the Integrated Master's Degree in Pharmaceutical Sciences. The first chapter presents the research project conducted in the field of neuroscience and under the guidance of Professor Graça Baltazar, PhD. It is a literature review study on the topic of the G-protein coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) and its mechanisms in different glial cells. Recently, GPER has emerged as a novel estrogen receptor that, unlike the classical a and ß receptors, is expressed on the cell membrane and mediates the rapid nongenomic effects associated with estradiol (E2). Despite its widespread distribution in the human body, GPER is described as highly expressed in the central nervous system, accompanying neurons and glial elements such as astrocytes, microglia, and oligodendrocytes. The signaling mechanisms activated by this receptor in neural tissues have never been fully understood, and existing data have always focused more on the effects produced in neurons rather than glial cells. However, there is an increasing number of studies focusing on glial cells, making it important to review the existing information in this field. Therefore, we proposed the analysis and synthesis of the effects triggered by the activation of this receptor at the glial level. A search was conducted in the Pubmed database, using well-defined terms, Boolean operators, and a specific time range. After analyzing the research results, 34 articles were included in this review. We concluded that the receptor activation is responsible for a wide range of effects at the glial cell level, including inhibitory mechanisms of glutamatergic excitotoxicity, anti-inflammatory actions, regulation of autophagy, metabolism, migration, cell proliferation, phagocytosis, neurogenesis, and myelination. The existing data highlight the strong potential of GPER, as well as its ligands (agonists/antagonists), in the management of neurological disorders. The second chapter presents the report of the professional experience lived in Community Pharmacy, the internship carried out at Farmácia Mariadeira, throughout the period from 15th February to 2nd June 2021, under the guidance of Mrs. Andreia Morgado, PharmD. In this chapter we present all the details of pharmaceutical practice, from the general functioning of the pharmacy to the legislation that regulates the sector, as well as some examples of my intervention.
Description
Keywords
Astrócitos Comunitária Estradiol Farmácia Glia Gper Gper-1 Gpr30 Microglia Neuroglia Oligodendrócitos