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Abstract(s)
O Acidente Vascular Cerebral (AVC) caracteriza-se por um dĆ©fice focal ou global da funĆ§Ć£o
cerebral, de inĆcio sĆŗbito, que persiste por um perĆodo superior a 24 horas, sem outra causa
aparente senĆ£o a de origem vascular. Atualmente, o AVC Ć© a segunda maior causa de morte
no mundo e a principal causa de morte e incapacidade em Portugal, com um gasto de
milhƵes de euros todos os anos.
O tratamento atual Ć© limitado, consistindo no restabelecimento da perfusĆ£o sanguĆnea do
tecido cerebral isquĆ©mico atravĆ©s da trombĆ³lise intravenosa e trombectomia endovascular.
No entanto, apesar dos seus comprovados benefĆcios, estas duas terapias apresentam
diversas limitaƧƵes e critĆ©rios de inclusĆ£o e exclusĆ£o, levando a que muitos dos pacientes
nĆ£o sejam intervencionados com estas tĆ©cnicas.
A presente dissertaĆ§Ć£o tem como objetivo realizar uma revisĆ£o de novas terapias de
intervenĆ§Ć£o no AVC, as terapias neuroprotetoras, quer de estudos em modelos animais e
ensaios clĆnicos passados, como os que estĆ£o em andamento ou programados.
A neuroprotecĆ§Ć£o corresponde a um tratamento com a capacidade de prolongar a tolerĆ¢ncia
do tecido cerebral Ć isquemia. As terapias neuroprotetores tem sido estudadas Ć dĆ©cadas,
no entanto, apesar do seu aparente sucesso em modelos animais, esses mesmos resultados
nĆ£o tem sido demonstrados em ensaios clĆnicos em humanos.
Ć necessĆ”ria uma otimizaĆ§Ć£o dos estudos em modelos animais, de modo a melhor
mimetizarem as caracterĆsticas dos doentes que sofrem AVC, e possivelmente realizar novos
estudos que combinem terapias neuroprotetoras.
Stroke is defined as developed clinical signs of focal (or global) disturbance of cerebral function, with sudden onset, lasting more than 24 hours or leading to death, with no apparent cause other than of vascular origin. Nowadays, stroke is the second leading cause of death in the world and the leading cause of death and disability in Portugal, costing millions every year. Current treatment is limited and consists in the restoration of blood flow to the regions of brain that are ischemic using intravenous thrombolysis and endovascular thrombectomy. However, despite their proven benefits, these two therapies have a lot of limitations and inclusion and exclusion criteria, which results in many patients not being eligible to receive these treatments. The present dissertationās main objective is to review new stroke neuroprotective treatments and techniques, both in studies in animal models and past clinical trials, as in ongoing or future ones. Neuroprotection is a treatment capable of extending the tolerability of the cerebral tissue to ischemic insult. The neuroprotection therapies have been studied for decades, however, despite their apparent success in animal models, the same results have not been found in clinical trials in humans. It is necessary to optimize the animal modelsā studies and experiments, in order to better mimic the characteristics of the patients that suffer a stroke, and possibly, conduct new studies that combine different neuroprotective therapies.
Stroke is defined as developed clinical signs of focal (or global) disturbance of cerebral function, with sudden onset, lasting more than 24 hours or leading to death, with no apparent cause other than of vascular origin. Nowadays, stroke is the second leading cause of death in the world and the leading cause of death and disability in Portugal, costing millions every year. Current treatment is limited and consists in the restoration of blood flow to the regions of brain that are ischemic using intravenous thrombolysis and endovascular thrombectomy. However, despite their proven benefits, these two therapies have a lot of limitations and inclusion and exclusion criteria, which results in many patients not being eligible to receive these treatments. The present dissertationās main objective is to review new stroke neuroprotective treatments and techniques, both in studies in animal models and past clinical trials, as in ongoing or future ones. Neuroprotection is a treatment capable of extending the tolerability of the cerebral tissue to ischemic insult. The neuroprotection therapies have been studied for decades, however, despite their apparent success in animal models, the same results have not been found in clinical trials in humans. It is necessary to optimize the animal modelsā studies and experiments, in order to better mimic the characteristics of the patients that suffer a stroke, and possibly, conduct new studies that combine different neuroprotective therapies.
Description
Keywords
Acidente Vascular Cerebral NeuroproteĆ§Ć£o