| Name: | Description: | Size: | Format: | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1.22 MB | Adobe PDF |
Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
Introdução: O consumo de suplementos tem vindo a aumentar nos últimos anos. O
aumento de performance e a aparência são algumas das razões que levam ao consumo,
não só por atletas, mas também por pessoas que fazem atividade física frequente. Existe
um volume considerável de literatura que aborda o consumo de suplementos em atletas,
existem também alguns artigos sobre frequentadores de ginásio e poucos sobre o
consumo de suplementos em pessoas sem estarem diretamente ligadas a atividade física.
No entanto, existe um número limitado de estudos que relacionam e comparam o
consumo de suplementos entre diferentes graus de atividade física. Este trabalho
pretende averiguar se o nível de atividade física influencia o consumo de suplementos
entre grupos com nível de atividade distintos. Pretende ainda compreender as diferenças
relacionadas com esse consumo. Foram constituídos 3 níveis de atividade física: 1)
elevada, constituída por jogadores de futebol profissional de 2 clubes (Sporting Clube
Beira-Mar de Aveiro e Sporting Club da Covilhã); 2) moderada, constituída por
frequentadores de ginásios de 2 cidades (Aveiro e Covilhã); 3) heterogénea, constituída
por estudantes de medicina (da Faculdade de Ciência da Saúde-UBI).
Metodologia: O estudo baseou-se na recolha dos dados realizada através de um
questionário, a participantes, do sexo masculino, com idades compreendidas entre os 18
e os 30 anos. Os dados recolhidos foram graficados e submetidos a análise uni e
multivariada.
Resultados e Discussão: A análise dos dados mostra que os frequentadores de
ginásios são o grupo que mais suplementos consome, com 64% dos inquiridos a
responder positivamente à toma de suplementos, e cujo consumo é realizado há mais
tempo, com 68% dos inquiridos a tomar suplementos alimentares há mais de 6 meses.
Em relação ao tipo de suplementos consumidos, todos os grupos consomem
polivitaminicos, proteínas e aminoácidos, mas nos restantes suplementos observam-se
diferenças entre os grupos. Os suplementos mais distintivos de cada grupo mostram que
o grupo de frequentadores de ginásios se caracteriza pelo consumo de creatina e bebidas
energéticas, os estudantes de medicina pelo consumo de cafeína e os jogadores de
futebol, pelo consumo de aminoácidos (Aveiro) e de polivitaminicos (Covilhã). Embora
a iniciativa própria seja comum a todos os grupos, o estudo evidencia que os indivíduos
iniciaram a toma dos suplementos de modo diverso. Os jogadores de futebol, em Aveiro,
fora mais influenciados pelos amigos e na Covilhã pelo médico. Os frequentadores de
ginásios em Aveiro foram mais influenciados pelo treinador. Os estudantes de medicina foram o grupo menos influenciado externamente, uma vez que 67% referiu ter começado
a tomar por iniciativa própria. Os indivíduos adquirem os suplementos em vários locais
e de diferentes modos, sendo a internet, as lojas de desporto e as farmácias os locais de
eleição para aquisição destes produtos, mas foram encontradas, mais uma vez,
diferenças entre os grupos. Os indivíduos frequentadores de ginásios adquirem os
suplementos principalmente através da internet e lojas de produtos naturais, os
jogadores de futebol de lojas de desporto e ou alunos de medicina preferem outros locais
como supermercados. O montante gasto mensalmente na aquisição de suplementos é
muito variável entre os grupos considerados, sendo os alunos de medicina o grupo que
despende um montante menor (92% gasta menos de 20€). Os frequentadores de ginásios
são os que mais gastam (com 31% a gastar 50€ ou mais) e os jogadores de futebol
encontram-se numa posição intermédia (91% gasta menos de 50€). Os objetivos mais
apontados para consumir suplementos são o crescimento muscular, a recuperação póstreino e o bem-estar. Nos frequentadores de ginásios o objetivo principal foi a diminuição
da massa gorda (14%), nos jogadores de futebol o aumento da massa muscular (40%) e
a recuperação pós-treino (38%) e nos alnos de medicina o bem-estar (33%) seguido de
outros objetivos (19%), como o rendimento académico e o reforço imunitário.
Conclusões: A toma de suplementos mostrou diferenças entre os grupos em estudo,
indicando que a diferença no nível de atividade física é um fator condicionante com forte
influência na toma de suplementos. Esta influência faz-se sentir a vários níveis, como
sejam o motivo, o tipo, o modo como começaram a tomar ou o montante despendido na
aquisição de suplementos. Assim, os alunos de consomem maioritariamente proteína,
cafeína e aminoácidos, há mais de 1 mês, adquiridos, principalmente, em grandes
superfícies, gastando menos de 20€ por mês e iniciou o consumo de suplementos por
iniciativa própria, com o objetivo de obter bem-estar e aumentar o rendimento
académico. Os frequentadores de ginásios consomem principalmente proteínas,
polivitaminicos, aminoácidos e creatina há mais de 6 meses, adquirindo,
maioritariamente, na internet, mostrando gastos de mais de 50€ por mês e por aconselho
do treinador com o objetivo de diminuir a massa gorda (14%). Os jogadores de futebol
profissional consomem principalmente polivitaminicos, proteínas e aminoácidos há
mais de 1 mês, adquiridos principalmente em lojas de desporto, com um gasto inferior a
50€ por mês e iniciam o consumo por influência do médico e amigos com o objetivo de
aumentar a massa muscular e facilitar a recuperação.
Introduction: The consumption of supplements has been increasing in the last years. The increase in performance and appearance are some of the reasons that lead to consumption, not only by athletes, but also by individuals who do frequent physical activity. There is a considerable body of literature that addresses the consumption of supplements in athletes, there are also some articles on gym users and some on the consumption of supplements in individuals without being directly linked to physical activity. However, there are a limited number of studies that relate and compare the consumption of supplements among different degrees of physical activity. This thesis aims to investigate whether the level of physical activity influences the consumption of supplements among groups with different activity levels. It also intends to understand the differences related to their consumption. Three levels of physical activity were evaluated: 1) high, consisting of professional football players from 2 clubs (Sporting Clube Beira-Mar de Aveiro and Sporting Club da Covilhã); 2) moderate, consisting of gym users from 2 cities (Aveiro and Covilhã); 3) heterogeneous, consisting of medical students (from the Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde - UBI). Methodology: The study was based on data collected through a questionnaire, from male participants, aged between 18 and 30 years. The collected data were represented in figures and submitted to univariate and multivariate analysis. Results and discussion: Data analysis shows that gym users are the group that most consumed supplements, with 64% of participants responding positively to taking supplements, and consuming for longer time, with 68% of participants taking dietary supplements for more than 6 months. Regarding the type of supplements consumed, all groups consume multivitamins, proteins and amino acids, but differences in the taking of supplements among groups are observed. Gym users groups are characterized by the consumption of creatine and energy drinks, medical students by the consumption of caffeine and football players by the consumption of amino acids (Aveiro) and multivitamins (Covilhã). Although self-initiative is common to all groups, the study shows that individuals started taking supplements differently. Football players in Aveiro were more influenced by friends and in Covilhã by the physician. Gym users in Aveiro were more influenced by the coach. Medical students were less influenced by others, since 67% reported having started taking supplements by their own initiative. Individuals purchased supplements in various places and in different ways, with the internet, sport stores and pharmacies being the preferred places to purchase these products, but differences were found, again, among groups. Gym users buy supplements mainly through the internet and health food stores, football players from sports stores and medical students buy in other places like supermarkets. The amount spent monthly to acquire supplements varies among groups, with medical students spending the smaller amount (92% spends less than € 20). Gym users the ones who spend more (with 31% spending 50 € or more) and football players being in an intermediate position (91% spend less than 50 €). The most indicated goals for consuming supplements are muscle growth, post-workout recovery and well-being. In gym users, the distinctive objective was to decrease fat mass (14%), in football players to increase muscle mass (40%) and post-workout recovery (38%) and in medicine, well-being (33%) followed by other objectives (19%), such as academic performance and immune booster. Conclusions: Supplement taking showed differences among the studied groups, indicating that the difference in the level of physical activity is a conditioning factor with a strong influence on the supplement intake. This influence is observed at various levels, such as the reason, the type, the way they started taking, or the amount spent on purchasing supplements. Students consume mostly protein, caffeine and amino acids, for more than one month, purchased mainly in large stores, spending less than € 20 per month and started consuming supplements on their own initiative, with the objective of well -being and increase academic performance. Gym users consume mainly proteins, multivitamins, amino acids and creatine, for more than 6 months, purchasing mostly on the internet, showing expenses of more than 50 € per month, on the coach's advice, with the aim of reducing fat mass (14 %). Professional football players mainly consume multivitamins, proteins and amino acids for more than 1 month, purchased mainly in sports stores, with an expense of less than 50 € per month, by under the influence of the physician and friends with the aim of increasing the muscle mass and facilitate recovery.
Introduction: The consumption of supplements has been increasing in the last years. The increase in performance and appearance are some of the reasons that lead to consumption, not only by athletes, but also by individuals who do frequent physical activity. There is a considerable body of literature that addresses the consumption of supplements in athletes, there are also some articles on gym users and some on the consumption of supplements in individuals without being directly linked to physical activity. However, there are a limited number of studies that relate and compare the consumption of supplements among different degrees of physical activity. This thesis aims to investigate whether the level of physical activity influences the consumption of supplements among groups with different activity levels. It also intends to understand the differences related to their consumption. Three levels of physical activity were evaluated: 1) high, consisting of professional football players from 2 clubs (Sporting Clube Beira-Mar de Aveiro and Sporting Club da Covilhã); 2) moderate, consisting of gym users from 2 cities (Aveiro and Covilhã); 3) heterogeneous, consisting of medical students (from the Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde - UBI). Methodology: The study was based on data collected through a questionnaire, from male participants, aged between 18 and 30 years. The collected data were represented in figures and submitted to univariate and multivariate analysis. Results and discussion: Data analysis shows that gym users are the group that most consumed supplements, with 64% of participants responding positively to taking supplements, and consuming for longer time, with 68% of participants taking dietary supplements for more than 6 months. Regarding the type of supplements consumed, all groups consume multivitamins, proteins and amino acids, but differences in the taking of supplements among groups are observed. Gym users groups are characterized by the consumption of creatine and energy drinks, medical students by the consumption of caffeine and football players by the consumption of amino acids (Aveiro) and multivitamins (Covilhã). Although self-initiative is common to all groups, the study shows that individuals started taking supplements differently. Football players in Aveiro were more influenced by friends and in Covilhã by the physician. Gym users in Aveiro were more influenced by the coach. Medical students were less influenced by others, since 67% reported having started taking supplements by their own initiative. Individuals purchased supplements in various places and in different ways, with the internet, sport stores and pharmacies being the preferred places to purchase these products, but differences were found, again, among groups. Gym users buy supplements mainly through the internet and health food stores, football players from sports stores and medical students buy in other places like supermarkets. The amount spent monthly to acquire supplements varies among groups, with medical students spending the smaller amount (92% spends less than € 20). Gym users the ones who spend more (with 31% spending 50 € or more) and football players being in an intermediate position (91% spend less than 50 €). The most indicated goals for consuming supplements are muscle growth, post-workout recovery and well-being. In gym users, the distinctive objective was to decrease fat mass (14%), in football players to increase muscle mass (40%) and post-workout recovery (38%) and in medicine, well-being (33%) followed by other objectives (19%), such as academic performance and immune booster. Conclusions: Supplement taking showed differences among the studied groups, indicating that the difference in the level of physical activity is a conditioning factor with a strong influence on the supplement intake. This influence is observed at various levels, such as the reason, the type, the way they started taking, or the amount spent on purchasing supplements. Students consume mostly protein, caffeine and amino acids, for more than one month, purchased mainly in large stores, spending less than € 20 per month and started consuming supplements on their own initiative, with the objective of well -being and increase academic performance. Gym users consume mainly proteins, multivitamins, amino acids and creatine, for more than 6 months, purchasing mostly on the internet, showing expenses of more than 50 € per month, on the coach's advice, with the aim of reducing fat mass (14 %). Professional football players mainly consume multivitamins, proteins and amino acids for more than 1 month, purchased mainly in sports stores, with an expense of less than 50 € per month, by under the influence of the physician and friends with the aim of increasing the muscle mass and facilitate recovery.
Description
Keywords
Alunos de
Medicina Atividade Física Frequentadores de Ginásios Jogadores de Futebol Suplementos