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Authors
Abstract(s)
A Apneia Obstrutiva do Sono Ă© um problema do foro respiratĂłrio, do qual provĂȘm graves
consequĂȘncias tanto para a saĂșde fĂsica, mental bem como a nĂvel monetĂĄrio, pois a esta
sĂŁo atribuĂdos um grande nĂșmero de acidentes de viação, maus desempenhos laborais,
entre outras consequĂȘncias diretas. Estima-se que entre 9 a 38% da população mundial
seja portadora desta doença, contudo, em Portugal esta doença é pouco estudada e
possivelmente subdiagnosticada, supondo-se que apenas entre 0,9% a 2,5% dos
Portugueses sofra com este distĂșrbio.
Esta é uma doença multifatorial, pelo que vårias são as suas formas de deteção e
tratamento existentes, no entanto, todas elas acarretam desconforto para o paciente, ou
para quem o rodeia. Tendo isso em consideração, neste trabalho é proposto um sistema
de deteção e controlo da Apneia Obstrutiva do Sono, que ambiciona colmatar os contras
das terapias existentes, sendo uma solução pråtica e eficaz para esta doença.
A prova de conceito apresentada faz uso de um sensor de Eletromiografia para recolher
os sinais elĂ©tricos que chegam ao maior mĂșsculo dilatador das vias aĂ©reas, o Genioglosso.
AtravĂ©s de elĂ©trodos de superfĂcie os sinais eletromiogrĂĄficos sĂŁo adquiridos por um
microcontrolador ESP32, que tem a função de analisar e comparar os dados obtidos com
um valor predefinido de limiar de apneia. ApĂłs uma apneia ser detetada, o circuito Ă©
capaz de gerar um sinal de estĂmulo que Ă© aplicado diretamente no mĂșsculo, de maneira
que não ocorra a oclusão das vias aéreas e o utilizador não desperte. Os dados de cada
utilização, assim como a hora exacta em que cada evento apneico teve lugar, são enviados
automaticamente para uma base de dados para posterior visualização e anålise.
Obstructive Sleep Apnea is a respiratory problem that has serious consequences for physical and mental health, as well as in monetary terms, since a large number of traffic accidents and poor work performance, among other direct consequences are attributed to it. It is estimated that between 9 and 38% of the world population has this disease, however in Portugal this disease is poorly studied and possibly underdiagnosed, it is assumed that between 0.9% to 2.5% of Portuguese population suffer from this disorder. This is a multifactorial disease, so there are several ways of detection and treatment, however all of them cause discomfort to the patient, or to those around him. In this work we propose a system for detection and control of Obstructive Sleep Apnea, which promises to overcome the drawbacks of existing therapies, therefore being a practical and effective solution for this disease. The proof of concept presented makes use of an Electromyography sensor to collect the electrical signals that reach the largest dilator muscle of the airways, the Genioglossus. Surface electrodes provide the electromyographic signals to an ESP32 microcontroller, which has the function of analyzing and comparing the data obtained with a predefined value of apnea threshold. After an apnea is detected, the circuit is able of creating a stimulus signal that is applied directly to the muscle, so that airway occlusion does not occur and the user does not wake up. The data from each use, as well as the exact time when each apneic event took place, is automatically sent to a database for later viewing and analysis.
Obstructive Sleep Apnea is a respiratory problem that has serious consequences for physical and mental health, as well as in monetary terms, since a large number of traffic accidents and poor work performance, among other direct consequences are attributed to it. It is estimated that between 9 and 38% of the world population has this disease, however in Portugal this disease is poorly studied and possibly underdiagnosed, it is assumed that between 0.9% to 2.5% of Portuguese population suffer from this disorder. This is a multifactorial disease, so there are several ways of detection and treatment, however all of them cause discomfort to the patient, or to those around him. In this work we propose a system for detection and control of Obstructive Sleep Apnea, which promises to overcome the drawbacks of existing therapies, therefore being a practical and effective solution for this disease. The proof of concept presented makes use of an Electromyography sensor to collect the electrical signals that reach the largest dilator muscle of the airways, the Genioglossus. Surface electrodes provide the electromyographic signals to an ESP32 microcontroller, which has the function of analyzing and comparing the data obtained with a predefined value of apnea threshold. After an apnea is detected, the circuit is able of creating a stimulus signal that is applied directly to the muscle, so that airway occlusion does not occur and the user does not wake up. The data from each use, as well as the exact time when each apneic event took place, is automatically sent to a database for later viewing and analysis.
Description
Keywords
Apneia Obstrutiva do Sono Dispositivo NĂŁo Invasivo Electroestimulação Eletromiografia MĂșsculo Genioglosso Semg