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Authors
Abstract(s)
A primeira infância é um período fundamental para o desenvolvimento físico, cognitivo
e socio-emocional da criança. Tendo em consideração o aumento das atividades lúdicas
e educativas num mundo cada vez mais digital, assim como a preocupação crescente
entre os pais, educadores e profissionais de saúde, torna-se relevante o estudo da
influência dos media na saúde e desenvolvimento das crianças. Assim, o objetivo deste
estudo foi avaliar o uso de dispositivos digitais em idade pré-escolar, assim como as
suas implicações nos padrões de sono, obesidade, visão e comportamento.
Neste contexto, foi realizado um estudo observacional, descritivo, analítico e
transversal com 107 crianças com idades compreendidas entre os 6 meses e os 6 anos,
que ainda não tinham iniciado o 1º ano de escolaridade. Foram recolhidos dados
sociodemográficos, dados sobre o uso de dispositivos digitais, padrões de sono, Índice
de Massa Corporal, queixas ou problemas visuais e alterações comportamentais.
Os resultados mostraram que a televisão (80,4%) e o telemóvel (67,3%) foram os
dispositivos digitais mais utilizados pelas crianças e que 50,5% das crianças utiliza os
dispositivos digitais diariamente. O início do seu uso ocorreu predominantemente
entre os 12 e os 24 meses de idade (48,6%). Em dias úteis, 43,0% das crianças
apresentou um tempo de exposição de ecrã entre 30 minutos a 60 minutos. Por outro
lado, aos fins-de-semana, 17,8% das crianças apresentou um tempo de exposição de
ecrã entre 3 a 5 horas. As circunstâncias de utilização mais reportadas foram em 40,2%
como passatempo e em 29% como tempo de lazer em família e durante as refeições.
Verificou-se que 34,6% das crianças está exposta a dispositivos eletrónicos nos 60
minutos prévios à hora de adormecer, não havendo associação estatisticamente
significativa com um maior tempo para adormecerem.
Neste estudo, demonstrou-se que o tempo de exposição de ecrã aumenta com a idade,
tanto em dias úteis (coeficiente de Spearman=0,271; p=0,011), como aos fins-desemana (coeficiente de Spearman=0,345; p<0,001). Verificou-se ainda, que as crianças
que mais utilizam dispositivos digitais durante a semana, também os utilizam com
maior frequência aos fins-de-semana (coeficiente de Spearman=0,644; p<0,001).
Além disso, concluiu-se que 72,2% das crianças com idade inferior a 2 anos apresenta
um tempo de exposição de ecrã excessivo face à idade, à semelhança de 53,9% das
crianças com idade superior ou igual a 2 anos. Verificou-se ainda que o tempo de exposição de ecrã não mostrou associação
estatisticamente significativa com os problemas visuais, o Índice de Massa Corporal, o
comportamento ou os padrões de sono.
Em suma, constatou-se que as crianças têm acesso a dispositivos digitais de forma
precoce e que o tempo de ecrã recomendado facilmente é excedido, principalmente aos
fins-de-semana. É importante sensibilizar os cuidadores e profissionais de saúde no
que diz respeito a esta temática e promover diferentes atividades lúdicas e educativas
alternativas ao uso de dispositivos digitais.
Early childhood is a crucial period for the child's physical, cognitive, and socioemotional development. Considering the increase in recreational and educational activities in an increasingly digital world, as well as the growing concern among parents, educators, and health professionals, it becomes relevant to study the influence of the media on children’s health and development. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the use of digital devices in preschool age, as well as its implications on sleep patterns, obesity, vision, and behaviour. In this context, an observational, descriptive, analytical, and cross-sectional study was carried out with 107 children aged between 6 months and 6 years, who had not yet started the 1st year of schooling. Sociodemographic data, data on the use of digital devices, sleep patterns, Body Mass Index, complaints or visual problems, and behavioural changes were collected. The results showed that television (80.4%) and mobile phones (67.3%) were the digital devices most used by children and that 50.5% of children use digital devices daily. The beginning of its use occurred predominantly between 12 and 24 months of age (48.6%). On weekdays, 43.0% of the children had screen exposure time between 30 minutes and 60 minutes. On the other hand, on weekends, 17.8% of children had screen exposure time between 3 and 5 hours. The most reported circumstances of use were in 40.2% as a hobby and in 29% as leisure time with the family and during meals. It was found that 34.6% of children are exposed to electronic devices in the 60 minutes before falling asleep, with no statistically significant association with a longer time to fall asleep. In this study, it was demonstrated that screen exposure time increases with age, both on weekdays (Spearman´s coefficient=0,271; p=0,011), and weekends (Spearman´s coefficient=0,345; p<0,001). It was also found that children who use digital devices the most during the week also use them more frequently on weekends (Spearman´s coefficient=0,644; p<0,001). In addition, it was concluded that 72.2% of children aged less than two years old had excessive screen exposure time, similar to 53.9% of children aged two years or older. It was also found that screen exposure time showed no statistically significant association with visual problems, Body Mass Index, behaviour, or sleep patterns. In short, it was found that children have access to digital devices at an early age and that the recommended screen time is easily exceeded, especially at the weekends. It is important to raise awareness amount caregivers and health professionals regarding this issue and to promote different recreational and educational activities as alternatives to the use of digital devices.
Early childhood is a crucial period for the child's physical, cognitive, and socioemotional development. Considering the increase in recreational and educational activities in an increasingly digital world, as well as the growing concern among parents, educators, and health professionals, it becomes relevant to study the influence of the media on children’s health and development. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the use of digital devices in preschool age, as well as its implications on sleep patterns, obesity, vision, and behaviour. In this context, an observational, descriptive, analytical, and cross-sectional study was carried out with 107 children aged between 6 months and 6 years, who had not yet started the 1st year of schooling. Sociodemographic data, data on the use of digital devices, sleep patterns, Body Mass Index, complaints or visual problems, and behavioural changes were collected. The results showed that television (80.4%) and mobile phones (67.3%) were the digital devices most used by children and that 50.5% of children use digital devices daily. The beginning of its use occurred predominantly between 12 and 24 months of age (48.6%). On weekdays, 43.0% of the children had screen exposure time between 30 minutes and 60 minutes. On the other hand, on weekends, 17.8% of children had screen exposure time between 3 and 5 hours. The most reported circumstances of use were in 40.2% as a hobby and in 29% as leisure time with the family and during meals. It was found that 34.6% of children are exposed to electronic devices in the 60 minutes before falling asleep, with no statistically significant association with a longer time to fall asleep. In this study, it was demonstrated that screen exposure time increases with age, both on weekdays (Spearman´s coefficient=0,271; p=0,011), and weekends (Spearman´s coefficient=0,345; p<0,001). It was also found that children who use digital devices the most during the week also use them more frequently on weekends (Spearman´s coefficient=0,644; p<0,001). In addition, it was concluded that 72.2% of children aged less than two years old had excessive screen exposure time, similar to 53.9% of children aged two years or older. It was also found that screen exposure time showed no statistically significant association with visual problems, Body Mass Index, behaviour, or sleep patterns. In short, it was found that children have access to digital devices at an early age and that the recommended screen time is easily exceeded, especially at the weekends. It is important to raise awareness amount caregivers and health professionals regarding this issue and to promote different recreational and educational activities as alternatives to the use of digital devices.
Description
Keywords
Comportamento Dispositivos Digitais Idade Pré-Escolar Obesidade Sono Visão