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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
O raciocínio clínico e o diagnóstico diferencial são componentes fulcrais da atividade
médica. Sabe-se, na atualidade, que existem fatores associados ao funcionamento do
cérebro humano que podem criar abordagens prejudiciais ao raciocínio clínico e, dessa
forma, comprometerem a precisão diagnóstica.
Nesse seguimento, pretende-se validar a evidência científica já existente sobre fatores
associados a melhoria da precisão diagnóstica. Com esse intuito, foi realizada uma scoping
review da literatura, com base na metodologia proposta pelo Joanna Briggs Institute.
Em seguida, procedeu-se à pesquisa de artigos, nos idiomas português, espanhol e inglês,
datados entre os anos de 2017 e 2023, “full-text”, com recurso às subsequentes bases de
dados: Pubmed e LILACS. Dois revisores analisaram, extraíram e sintetizaram a informação
pertinente, tendo sido incluídos 11 estudos.
Os resultados obtidos permitiram inferir que apesar do maior escrutínio do processo de
raciocínio clínico, as estratégias desenvolvidas para a mitigação de erros cognitivos, que nele
se originam, são escassas e apresentam resultados pouco coesos na prática clínica.
Clinical reasoning and differential diagnosis are a core competency for any doctor. Nowadays, it’s known that there are factors, related to the human brain function, that may create a non-benefic approach to clinical reasoning and compromise the diagnostic accuracy. Therefore, the aim of this dissertation is to validate the scientific evidence on factors that may have a positive impact on the clinical reasoning process and hence on diagnostic efficiency. A scoping review was conducted according to the methodology presented by the Joanna Briggs Institute. Search terms were focused on data in English, spanish and Portuguese, dated between 2017 and 2023, using the following databases: Pubmed and LILACS. Two reviewers analyzed, extracted, and synthetized the pertinent data, 11 studies were included. The results obtained allowed us to infer that, despite the greater scrutiny, in recent years, of the clinical reasoning process, the strategies developed to mitigate cognitive errors, arising from said process, are scarce and do not present cohesive results in medical practice.
Clinical reasoning and differential diagnosis are a core competency for any doctor. Nowadays, it’s known that there are factors, related to the human brain function, that may create a non-benefic approach to clinical reasoning and compromise the diagnostic accuracy. Therefore, the aim of this dissertation is to validate the scientific evidence on factors that may have a positive impact on the clinical reasoning process and hence on diagnostic efficiency. A scoping review was conducted according to the methodology presented by the Joanna Briggs Institute. Search terms were focused on data in English, spanish and Portuguese, dated between 2017 and 2023, using the following databases: Pubmed and LILACS. Two reviewers analyzed, extracted, and synthetized the pertinent data, 11 studies were included. The results obtained allowed us to infer that, despite the greater scrutiny, in recent years, of the clinical reasoning process, the strategies developed to mitigate cognitive errors, arising from said process, are scarce and do not present cohesive results in medical practice.
Description
Keywords
Diagnóstico Diferencial Erro Diagnóstico Médicos Precisão Diagnóstica Raciocínio Clínico