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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
Introdução: Atualmente, assistimos a um envelhecimento da população a nível mundial
e concomitantemente a um aumento da prevalência das doenças crónicas, que
representam a grande epidemia deste século. Apesar de já se ter demonstrando o
benefício dos cuidados paliativos nestes doentes, a referenciação dos doentes não
oncológicos continua a ser insuficiente e tardia, havendo uma grande discrepância
quando se compara com o número de doentes oncológicos que são referenciados. Assim,
torna-se importante a identificação de fatores discriminadores que contribuam para a
criação de critérios de referenciação para cuidados paliativos, de forma a tornar o
processo mais eficaz.
Objetivos: Analisar na literatura a existência de discriminadores que permitam
identificar portadores de doença não oncológica, com necessidade de referenciação a
cuidados paliativos e comparar esses discriminadores com os que levam à referenciação
dos doentes oncológicos
Metodologia: Realizou-se uma revisão sistemática com recurso às bases de dados
Pubmed e SciELo para pesquisa dos artigos científicos. Após a aplicação dos critérios de
elegibilidade previamente definidos, foi obtida uma amostra de 12 artigos.
Resultados: Através da análise dos artigos incluídos, foi possível identificar dez temas
que englobam todos os fatores discriminadores encontrados para as doenças crónicas
que foram escolhidas para o estudo: descontrolo de sintomas físicos, problemas sociais,
problemas emocionais/espirituais, prognóstico vital limitado, evolução da doença,
comorbilidades, planeamento de cuidados, pedido do doente, fatores discriminadores
quantificáveis e pergunta surpresa.
Conclusão: Existem já muitos fatores discriminadores de necessidades paliativas para os
doentes crónicos, independentemente de terem patologia oncológica ou não. No entanto,
é ainda necessário chegar a um consenso sobre quais os melhores fatores e qual o melhor
momento para referenciação aos cuidados paliativos. Com o aumento das necessidades
paliativas da população torna-se cada vez mais importante sistematizar o processo de
referenciação para que mais pessoas sejam encaminhadas e em fases mais iniciais da
doença. Assim, estes fatores podem contribuir para a elaboração de guidelines
específicas de referenciação de doentes crónicos para cuidados paliativos.
Introduction: Currently, we are witnessing an aging population worldwide and concomitantly an increase in the prevalence of chronic diseases, which represent the great epidemic of this century. Although the benefits of palliative care for these patients have already been demonstrated, their referral continues to be insufficient and late, with a large discrepancy when compared with the number of cancer patients who are referred. Thus, it is important to identify discriminating factors that contribute to the creation of referral criteria for palliative care, in order to make the process more effective. Objectives: Analyse in the literature the existence of triggers that allow the identification of patients with non-oncological diseases in need of referral to palliative care and to compare these triggers with those that lead to the referral of cancer patients. Methodology: A systematic review was carried out using the Pubmed and SciELo databases to search for scientific articles. After applying the previously defined eligibility criteria, a sample of 12 articles was obtained. Results: Through the analysis of the included articles, it was possible to identify ten themes that encompass all the triggers found for the chronic diseases that were chosen for the study: lack of control of physical symptoms, social problems, emotional/spiritual problems, limited vital prognosis, disease evolution, comorbidities, care planning, patient request, quantifiable triggers and surprise question. Conclusion: There are already many triggers of palliative needs for chronic patients, regardless of whether they have oncological pathology or not. However, it is still necessary to reach a consensus on the best factors and the best time for referral to palliative care. With the increase of population's palliative needs, it becomes increasingly important to systematize the referral process so that more people are referred and in earlier stages of the disease. Thus, these factors can contribute to the elaboration of guidelines for the referral of chronic patients for palliative care.
Introduction: Currently, we are witnessing an aging population worldwide and concomitantly an increase in the prevalence of chronic diseases, which represent the great epidemic of this century. Although the benefits of palliative care for these patients have already been demonstrated, their referral continues to be insufficient and late, with a large discrepancy when compared with the number of cancer patients who are referred. Thus, it is important to identify discriminating factors that contribute to the creation of referral criteria for palliative care, in order to make the process more effective. Objectives: Analyse in the literature the existence of triggers that allow the identification of patients with non-oncological diseases in need of referral to palliative care and to compare these triggers with those that lead to the referral of cancer patients. Methodology: A systematic review was carried out using the Pubmed and SciELo databases to search for scientific articles. After applying the previously defined eligibility criteria, a sample of 12 articles was obtained. Results: Through the analysis of the included articles, it was possible to identify ten themes that encompass all the triggers found for the chronic diseases that were chosen for the study: lack of control of physical symptoms, social problems, emotional/spiritual problems, limited vital prognosis, disease evolution, comorbidities, care planning, patient request, quantifiable triggers and surprise question. Conclusion: There are already many triggers of palliative needs for chronic patients, regardless of whether they have oncological pathology or not. However, it is still necessary to reach a consensus on the best factors and the best time for referral to palliative care. With the increase of population's palliative needs, it becomes increasingly important to systematize the referral process so that more people are referred and in earlier stages of the disease. Thus, these factors can contribute to the elaboration of guidelines for the referral of chronic patients for palliative care.
Description
Keywords
Cuidados Paliativos Doenças Crónicas Doenças Não Oncológicas Fatores Discriminadores para Referenciação