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Abstract(s)
Introdução: O joelho é uma das articulações mais complexas e importantes do corpo
humano. A sua estabilidade é mantida por uma série de estruturas anatómicas, entre elas,
os ligamentos. O ligamento cruzado anterior é um dos quatro principais ligamentos do
joelho, desempenhando um papel fundamental na estabilidade e função articular. A sua
lesão ocorre com maior prevalência em jovens atletas do sexo feminino. O ligamento
cruzado anterior é o ligamento com maior tendência a ser lesionado no joelho sendo, na sua
maioria, durante a realização de movimentos de aterragem e mudanças de direção em
modalidades de alto impacto, por excesso de carga, que excede o limiar de tolerância do
ligamento. Usualmente requer reconstrução cirúrgica e resulta numa carga psicológica
significativa e longos tempos de reabilitação.
Prevenção: Atualmente, a prevenção destas lesões tem assumido uma maior relevância. São
diversos, os fatores de risco que têm sido associados a esta lesão e podem ser classificados
como intrínsecos ou extrínsecos, tal como modificáveis ou não modificáveis. Sabe-se que
programas de prevenção podem ter uma redução quantificável no risco de lesão do
ligamento cruzado anterior. O objetivo dos programas de treino de prevenção destas lesões
é estimular o sistema neuromuscular por meio de uma combinação de exercícios de várias
componentes. A compreensão biomecânica aprofundada da lesão, pela via sem contacto, e
dos fatores de risco a ela associados é necessária para o desenvolvimento de programas de
prevenção de lesões eficazes.
Métodos: Inicialmente, esta revisão fornece uma breve visão geral dos aspetos atuais da
anatomia do ligamento cruzado anterior, mecanismos de lesão e da avaliação dos seus
fatores de risco, enquanto posteriormente discute diferentes conceitos para a prevenção de
lesões, tendo como foco os programas de prevenção analisados em diferentes estudos. A
pesquisa da literatura foi feita através da plataforma Pubmed e alguns sites de referência
ortopédica como Orthobullets e StatPearls, durante os meses de setembro e outubro de
2022. Os artigos analisados foram publicados entre 2017 e 2022.
Objetivos: Esta revisão teve como objetivos propostos: Rever a evidência científica presente
na literatura sobre prevenção da lesão do ligamento cruzado anterior;Identificar programas
de prevenção que sejam eficazes, principalmente em pessoas ativas; Descrever a evidência
dos seus componentes; Realizar uma revisão exaustiva de artigos, de forma a avaliar a
eficácia dos programas de treino de prevenção de lesões do ligamento cruzado anterior para
reduzir o risco dessas mesmas lesões; Promover sugestões de exercícios para
implementação de programas de prevenção desta lesão, principalmente na comunidade desportiva da UBI e criar uma referência de leitura para atletas, treinadores, pais,
estudantes, fisioterapeutas, médicos e para todos aqueles que acreditam na prevenção.
Conclusão: A evidência apoia fortemente a implementação, tanto por médicos, treinadores,
pais e mesmo atletas de programas de prevenção de lesões do joelho e do ligamento cruzado
anterior, antes de sessões de treino ou jogos. A prevenção de lesões é essencial para redução
de possíveis consequências para a saúde a curto e a longo prazo e para minimizar a carga
económica e psicológica dos tratamentos.
Introduction: The knee is one of the most complex and important joints in the human body. Its stability is maintained by a series of anatomical structures, including the ligaments. The anterior cruciate ligament is one of the four major ligaments in the knee, playing a key role in joint´s stability and function. Its injury occurs with greater prevalence in young female athletes. The anterior cruciate ligament is the ligament with the greatest tendency to be injured in the knee, mostly during landing movements and changes in direction in highimpact sports, due to excessive load that exceeds the tolerance threshold of the ligament. It usually requires surgical reconstruction and result in a significant psychological burden and long rehabilitation times. Prevention: At this moment, the prevention of these injuries has taken on greater importance. There are several risk factors that have been associated with this injury and can be classified as intrinsic or extrinsic, as well as modifiable or non-modifiable. It is known that prevention programs can have a quantifiable reduction in the risk of anterior cruciate ligament injury. The goal of injury prevention training programs is to stimulate the neuromuscular system through a combination of multi-component exercises. An in-depth biomechanical understanding of non-contact injury and the risk factors associated with it, is necessary for the development of effective injury prevention programs. Methods: Initially, this review provides a brief overview of current aspects of anterior cruciate ligament anatomy, injury replacement and the assessment of its risk factors, while later discussing different concepts for injury prevention, with a focus on prevention programs analysed in different studies. The literature search was carried out using the Pubmed platform and some orthopedic reference sites such as Orthobullets and StatPearls, during the months of September and October 2022. The analyzed articles were published between 2017 and 2022. Objectives: This review had the following proposed objectives: To review the scientific evidence present in the literature on the prevention of anterior cruciate ligament injuries; Identify anterior cruciate ligament injury prevention programs that are effective, particularly in active people; Describe the evidence of its components; Perform a long review of articles in order to assess the effectiveness of anterior cruciate ligament injury prevention training programs to reduce the risk of these same injuries; Promote exercise suggestions for the implementation of ACL injury prevention programs, especially in the UBI sports community and create a reading reference for athletes, coaches, parents, students, physiotherapists, doctors and for all those who believe in prevention. Conclusion: Evidence strongly supports the implementation by both clinicians, coaches, parents and even athletes of knee and anterior cruciate ligament injury prevention programs prior to training sessions or games (6). Injury prevention is essential for reducing possible short- and long-term health consequences and for minimizing the economic and psychological burden of treatments.
Introduction: The knee is one of the most complex and important joints in the human body. Its stability is maintained by a series of anatomical structures, including the ligaments. The anterior cruciate ligament is one of the four major ligaments in the knee, playing a key role in joint´s stability and function. Its injury occurs with greater prevalence in young female athletes. The anterior cruciate ligament is the ligament with the greatest tendency to be injured in the knee, mostly during landing movements and changes in direction in highimpact sports, due to excessive load that exceeds the tolerance threshold of the ligament. It usually requires surgical reconstruction and result in a significant psychological burden and long rehabilitation times. Prevention: At this moment, the prevention of these injuries has taken on greater importance. There are several risk factors that have been associated with this injury and can be classified as intrinsic or extrinsic, as well as modifiable or non-modifiable. It is known that prevention programs can have a quantifiable reduction in the risk of anterior cruciate ligament injury. The goal of injury prevention training programs is to stimulate the neuromuscular system through a combination of multi-component exercises. An in-depth biomechanical understanding of non-contact injury and the risk factors associated with it, is necessary for the development of effective injury prevention programs. Methods: Initially, this review provides a brief overview of current aspects of anterior cruciate ligament anatomy, injury replacement and the assessment of its risk factors, while later discussing different concepts for injury prevention, with a focus on prevention programs analysed in different studies. The literature search was carried out using the Pubmed platform and some orthopedic reference sites such as Orthobullets and StatPearls, during the months of September and October 2022. The analyzed articles were published between 2017 and 2022. Objectives: This review had the following proposed objectives: To review the scientific evidence present in the literature on the prevention of anterior cruciate ligament injuries; Identify anterior cruciate ligament injury prevention programs that are effective, particularly in active people; Describe the evidence of its components; Perform a long review of articles in order to assess the effectiveness of anterior cruciate ligament injury prevention training programs to reduce the risk of these same injuries; Promote exercise suggestions for the implementation of ACL injury prevention programs, especially in the UBI sports community and create a reading reference for athletes, coaches, parents, students, physiotherapists, doctors and for all those who believe in prevention. Conclusion: Evidence strongly supports the implementation by both clinicians, coaches, parents and even athletes of knee and anterior cruciate ligament injury prevention programs prior to training sessions or games (6). Injury prevention is essential for reducing possible short- and long-term health consequences and for minimizing the economic and psychological burden of treatments.
Description
Keywords
Lca Ligamento Cruzado Anterior Prevenção Programa