| Name: | Description: | Size: | Format: | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 624.35 KB | Adobe PDF |
Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
A obesidade é reconhecida, a nível mundial, como uma epidemia, constituindo uma
ameaça para a saúde e um importante fator de risco para o desenvolvimento e
agravamento de várias patologias. A obesidade tem etiologia multifatorial, decorrendo
de uma interação entre diversos fatores, particularmente genéticos, metabólicos,
ambientais, comportamentais e até culturais.
Nos últimos anos, a microbiota tem sido implicada no desenvolvimento desta doença. A
sua composição varia entre os diferentes locais do corpo e também entre os indivíduos,
dependendo da idade, dieta, stress e localização geográfica, entre outros fatores.
A microbiota intestinal desempenha funções vitais que o corpo humano é incapaz de
exercer por si próprio, o que resulta numa relação simbiótica entre a microbiota e o
corpo humano. Diversos fatores contribuem para o desenvolvimento da microbiota,
nomeadamente o tipo de parto, a amamentação, os determinantes genéticos do
hospedeiro, as condições de higiene, os fármacos (por exemplo, antibióticos e laxantes)
e a dieta.
De facto, tem-se verificado uma alteração na flora microbiana, com variações de
número e espécie, nos indivíduos obesos. A disbiose, caracterizada por perturbação ou
desequilíbrio num sistema biológico, por exemplo, alterações nos tipos e números de
bactérias no intestino, pode levar a perturbações imunológicas e ao aumento da
suscetibilidade a infeções, bem como a patologias não intestinais, incluindo obesidade,
síndrome metabólica, diabetes e doenças cardiovasculares.
Vários estudos têm mostrado diversos mecanismos para elucidar o papel da
microbiota, principalmente em modelos animais, no entanto a magnitude deste efeito
em humanos ainda não é esclarecedora e ainda permanecem questões em aberto.
Neste sentido, esta dissertação tem como objetivos perceber a influência da
alimentação na composição da microbiota intestinal, compreender em que medida a
sua composição interfere na tendência para a obesidade e no aparecimento de
complicações cardiometabólicas e avaliar o potencial de intervenções ao nível da
microbiota intestinal na prevenção ou terapêutica da obesidade.
Obesity is recognised worldwide as an epidemic, constituting a threat to health and an important risk factor for the development and worsening of several pathologies. Obesity has a multifactorial aetiology, resulting from an interaction between various factors, particularly genetic, metabolic, environmental, behavioural and even cultural. In recent years, microbiota has been implicated in the development of this disease. Its composition varies between different parts of the body and also between individuals, depending on age, diet, stress and geographical location, among other factors. The intestinal microbiota performs vital functions that the human body is unable to perform on its own, resulting in a symbiotic relationship between the microbiota and the human body. Several factors contribute to the development of microbiota, including the type of delivery, breastfeeding, genetic determinants of the host, hygiene conditions, drugs (e.g. antibiotics and laxatives) and diet. In fact, an alteration in the microbial flora, with variations in number and species, has been verified in obese individuals. Dysbiosis, characterised by disturbance or imbalance in a biological system, e.g. changes in the types and numbers of bacteria in the gut, can lead to immunological disturbances and increased susceptibility to infections, as well as non-intestinal pathologies, including obesity, metabolic syndrome, diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Several studies have shown various mechanisms to enlighten the role of microbiota, mainly in animal models, however, the magnitude of this effect in humans is still unclear and several questions remain open. In this sense, this dissertation aims to understand the influence of diet on the composition of the intestinal microbiota, to understand to what extent its composition interferes with the tendency towards obesity and the appearance of cardiometabolic complications and to assess the potential of interventions at the level of intestinal microbiota in obesity prevention or therapeutics.
Obesity is recognised worldwide as an epidemic, constituting a threat to health and an important risk factor for the development and worsening of several pathologies. Obesity has a multifactorial aetiology, resulting from an interaction between various factors, particularly genetic, metabolic, environmental, behavioural and even cultural. In recent years, microbiota has been implicated in the development of this disease. Its composition varies between different parts of the body and also between individuals, depending on age, diet, stress and geographical location, among other factors. The intestinal microbiota performs vital functions that the human body is unable to perform on its own, resulting in a symbiotic relationship between the microbiota and the human body. Several factors contribute to the development of microbiota, including the type of delivery, breastfeeding, genetic determinants of the host, hygiene conditions, drugs (e.g. antibiotics and laxatives) and diet. In fact, an alteration in the microbial flora, with variations in number and species, has been verified in obese individuals. Dysbiosis, characterised by disturbance or imbalance in a biological system, e.g. changes in the types and numbers of bacteria in the gut, can lead to immunological disturbances and increased susceptibility to infections, as well as non-intestinal pathologies, including obesity, metabolic syndrome, diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Several studies have shown various mechanisms to enlighten the role of microbiota, mainly in animal models, however, the magnitude of this effect in humans is still unclear and several questions remain open. In this sense, this dissertation aims to understand the influence of diet on the composition of the intestinal microbiota, to understand to what extent its composition interferes with the tendency towards obesity and the appearance of cardiometabolic complications and to assess the potential of interventions at the level of intestinal microbiota in obesity prevention or therapeutics.
Description
Keywords
Disbiose Microbiota Intestinal Obesidade Prebiótico Probiótico