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Educação Médica em cessação tabágica: avaliação de um b-learning nos estudantes de 4º ano de Medicina da Universidade da Beira Interior
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| Documento em Acesso Embargado até dia 27-02-2026. Tente solicitar cópia ao autor carregando no ficheiro | 1.2 MB | Adobe PDF |
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Abstract(s)
Introdução: Os profissionais de saúde desempenham um papel fundamental na abordagem e no aconselhamento de fumadores. No entanto, a formação desses profissionais ainda é insuficiente, ressaltando a importância da capacitação prégraduada em cessação tabágica. Objetivo: Avaliar a perceção de estudantes de medicina quanto à aceitação, ao grau de dificuldade, à autoconfiança na intervenção clínica e à utilidade de uma formação em intervenção breve para a cessação tabágica, em formato blended learning (b-learning). Metodologia: O programa em modelo b-learning incluiu duas etapas: (1) electroniclearning (e-learning) sobre intervenção breve em cessação tabágica, desenvolvido pela Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS); e (2) workshop clínico presencial. Foi conduzido um estudo transversal, baseado na aplicação de questionários adaptados do modelo da OMS aos participantes da formação, os estudantes do 4º ano de Medicina da FCS-UBI: 1) questionário quantitativo individual 2) questionário qualitativo coletivo resolvido em grupo. Foram conduzidas análises univariáveis e bivariáveis para identificar se fatores como o comportamento tabágico e o sexo estavam associadas às opiniões dos alunos relativas à utilidade, confiança, grau de dificuldade e avaliação geral das modalidades da formação. Foram utilizados o teste de qui-quadrado, o teste exato de Fisher e o teste de McNemar para comparar variáveis categóricas. Foi feita uma análise temática e interpretativa dos conteúdos qualitativos baseada no consenso dos investigadores. Resultados: Participantes: 276; 71,4% do sexo feminino; idade média: 22,7± 2,9 anos. A taxa de participação foi 82,63%. A prevalência de fumadores foi de 10,9%: 7,2% entre o sexo feminino e 20,3% entre o masculino (OR=1,893; p=0,003). A maioria dos participantes considerou útil tanto o e-learning (93,1%) quanto o workshop clínico (85,9%). Os nunca-fumadores são os que mais concordam com a utilidade do e-learning (OR=3,135; p=0,018), o mesmo ocorrendo com os nunca-vapers (p=0,018). Além disso, 92,7% e 86,6% dos alunos relataram aumento na autoconfiança clínica após a participação no e-learning e no workshop, respetivamente. De notar que os exfumadores são os que menos concordam que o workshop aumente a sua autoconfiança (OR=0,251; p=0,007). Quanto ao nível de dificuldade, 75,3% dos participantes consideraram o e-learning “fácil”/”muito fácil”, enquanto 62% avaliaram o workshop da mesma forma. No entanto, os ex-fumadores consideraram o workshop mais difícil (OR=0,251, p=0,033). Por fim, 81,9% dos estudantes avaliaram o e-learning com "excelente"/"bom", sendo a prevalência superior no workshop (91,3%). A avaliação qualitativa reiterou a boa aceitação e a relevância desta formação para os alunos, em linha com os resultados do questionário quantitativo. No entanto, os alunos demonstram alguma dificuldade para valorizar e aderir aos instrumentos que são habitualmente usados na aprendizagem b-learning. Acresce que os estudantes consideram que a formação b-learning os confronta com a reflexão de serem modelos como não fumadores. Conclusão: Os resultados indicam que a formação de abordagem breve do tabagismo em modelo b-learning foi bem recebida pelos estudantes de medicina, contribuindo para a melhoria das suas competências clínicas em cessação tabágica. Os alunos reconhecem a importância da capacitação pré-graduada nesse tema, reforçando a necessidade de implementação desse tipo de programa em outras instituições de ensino, tanto nacional quanto internacionalmente.
Introduction: Healthcare professionals play a fundamental role in addressing and counseling smokers. However, their training remains insufficient, highlighting the importance of undergraduate education in smoking cessation. Objective: To assess medical students' perceptions regarding acceptance, level of difficulty, self-confidence in clinical intervention, and the usefulness of training in brief intervention for smoking cessation. Methodology: The b-learning program included two stages: (1) e-learning on brief intervention for smoking cessation, developed by the World Health Organization (WHO); and (2) an in-person clinical workshop. A cross-sectional study was conducted using questionnaires adapted from the WHO model, applied to fourth-year medical students at FCS-UBI: 1) Individual quantitative questionnaire 2) Collective qualitative questionnaire completed in group. Univariate and bivariate analyses were performed to determine whether factors such as smoking behavior and sex were associated with opinions on the usefulness, confidence, difficulty level, and overall assessment of the training modalities. The chi-square test, Fisher's exact test, and McNemar's test were used to compare categorical variables. A thematic and interpretative analysis of the qualitative content was conducted based on the researchers' consensus. Results: Participants: 276; 71.4% female; mean age: 22.7 ± 2.9 years. The participation rate was 82.63%. The prevalence of smokers was 10.9%: 7.2% among females and 20.3% among males (OR=1,893; p=0.003). Most participants found both the e-learning (93.1%) and the clinical workshop (85.9%) useful. Never-smokers were more likely to agree on the usefulness of the e-learning (OR=3.135; p=0.018), as were never-vapers (p=0.018). Additionally, 92.7% and 86.6% of students reported increased clinical self-confidence after participating in the e-learning and workshop, respectively. However, former smokers were less likely to agree that the workshop improved their self-confidence (OR=0.251; p=0.007). Regarding difficulty level, 75.3% of participants rated the elearning as "easy" or "very easy," while 62% rated the workshop the same way. However, former smokers found the workshop more difficult (OR=0.251; p=0.033). Finally, 81.9% of students rated the e-learning as "excellent" or "good," with a higher score for the workshop (91.3%). The qualitative assessment confirmed the good acceptance and relevance of this training for students, in line with the quantitative questionnaire results. However, students show some difficulty in appreciating and engaging with the tools commonly used in b-learning. Additionally, they consider that b-learning training confronts them with the reflection of being role models as non-smokers. Conclusion: The results indicate that the b-learning training program was well received by medical students, contributing to the improvement of their clinical skills in smoking cessation. Students recognize the importance of undergraduate education on this topic, reinforcing the need for the implementation of similar programs in other educational institutions, both nationally and internationally.
Introduction: Healthcare professionals play a fundamental role in addressing and counseling smokers. However, their training remains insufficient, highlighting the importance of undergraduate education in smoking cessation. Objective: To assess medical students' perceptions regarding acceptance, level of difficulty, self-confidence in clinical intervention, and the usefulness of training in brief intervention for smoking cessation. Methodology: The b-learning program included two stages: (1) e-learning on brief intervention for smoking cessation, developed by the World Health Organization (WHO); and (2) an in-person clinical workshop. A cross-sectional study was conducted using questionnaires adapted from the WHO model, applied to fourth-year medical students at FCS-UBI: 1) Individual quantitative questionnaire 2) Collective qualitative questionnaire completed in group. Univariate and bivariate analyses were performed to determine whether factors such as smoking behavior and sex were associated with opinions on the usefulness, confidence, difficulty level, and overall assessment of the training modalities. The chi-square test, Fisher's exact test, and McNemar's test were used to compare categorical variables. A thematic and interpretative analysis of the qualitative content was conducted based on the researchers' consensus. Results: Participants: 276; 71.4% female; mean age: 22.7 ± 2.9 years. The participation rate was 82.63%. The prevalence of smokers was 10.9%: 7.2% among females and 20.3% among males (OR=1,893; p=0.003). Most participants found both the e-learning (93.1%) and the clinical workshop (85.9%) useful. Never-smokers were more likely to agree on the usefulness of the e-learning (OR=3.135; p=0.018), as were never-vapers (p=0.018). Additionally, 92.7% and 86.6% of students reported increased clinical self-confidence after participating in the e-learning and workshop, respectively. However, former smokers were less likely to agree that the workshop improved their self-confidence (OR=0.251; p=0.007). Regarding difficulty level, 75.3% of participants rated the elearning as "easy" or "very easy," while 62% rated the workshop the same way. However, former smokers found the workshop more difficult (OR=0.251; p=0.033). Finally, 81.9% of students rated the e-learning as "excellent" or "good," with a higher score for the workshop (91.3%). The qualitative assessment confirmed the good acceptance and relevance of this training for students, in line with the quantitative questionnaire results. However, students show some difficulty in appreciating and engaging with the tools commonly used in b-learning. Additionally, they consider that b-learning training confronts them with the reflection of being role models as non-smokers. Conclusion: The results indicate that the b-learning training program was well received by medical students, contributing to the improvement of their clinical skills in smoking cessation. Students recognize the importance of undergraduate education on this topic, reinforcing the need for the implementation of similar programs in other educational institutions, both nationally and internationally.
Description
Keywords
Cessação Tabágica Educação Médica Intervenção Breve em Cessação Tabágica B-Learning Estudantes de Medicina Organização Mundial de Saúde - OMS Tabagismo Smoking Cessation Medical Education Brief Intervention In Smoking Cessation Medical Students WHO Smoking