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Authors
Abstract(s)
Num mundo onde os efeitos das alterações climáticas são sentidos tanto a nível local como
global, levando ao deslocamento de milhões de pessoas, à fome e morte, e até ao
desaparecimento de Estados soberanos, seria expectável um consenso maior à volta da
necessidade de cooperação internacional. No entanto, a mobilização das vontades políticas
a nível global e a catalização dos recursos necessários para ir ao encontro dos pedidos das
vítimas parece um horizonte longínquo. Ao invés, acordos climáticos estão a ser revogados
e pedidos de asilo das suas vítimas são recusados enquanto países inteiros desaparecem,
particularmente as pequenas Ilhas do Pacífico. Algumas Comunidades estão a tornar-se
apátridas, privadas dos seus direitos humanos mais básicos. Sem assistência humanitária,
as vítimas assistem ao silêncio de uma comunidade internacional que parece desarmada
para confrontar este novo inimigo insívisel. A investigação desenvolvida ao longo desta
investigação percore as tensões dilemáticas que atravessam hoje os migrantes climáticos e
alerta para o futuro de todos os insulares do Pacífico que são deixados no dilema de terem
de abandonar as suas casas e países. Isto levanta a questão se a Lei Internacional está
preparada para lidar com esta nova crise global. Colocando em questão a soberania,
através da perda dos elementos vitais de um Estado (especialmente território e
população), qual deverá ser o papel da comunidade internacional?
Considerando a atual estrutura legal e a crise de refugiados que tem questionado os
esforços para um futuro de paz, uma investigação no quadro legal que permita a
comunidade internacional encontrar mecanismos que façam juz a esta nova crise global
parece-nos imperativa. Esta investigação ambiciona articular os instrumentos legais e
normas internacionais que estão a tentar enfrentar as implicações do aumento do nível do
mar sobre populações cujo território tem sido sempre suficiente. Tem ainda como objetivo
oferecer soluções a nível de policy-making e law-making, bem como uma análise dos
direitos legais e deveres estatais envolvidos no processo. Esta investigação pretende,
também, contribuir para o debate teórico em torno dos migrantes climáticos no seio das
Relações Internacionais e do Direito Internacional Público com novas ferramentas
analíticas e sugestões normativas.
In a world where the effects of climate change are deeply felt at both the local and global levels, leading to the displacement of millions of people, to famine and death, and even to the disappearance of entire states, a wider and greater consensus around the need for international cooperation would have been expected. Mobilising political wills at the global level and catalysing the necessary resources to meet claims of its victims seems, however, a yet unreachable horizon. Instead, climate change agreements are being revoked and the asylum claims of its victims denied while countries vanish away, particularly the Small Island States of the Pacific Ocean. Entire populations become stateless, deprived of their most basic human rights. With no humanitarian aid to assist them, they witness the silence of an international community that seems disarmed to confront this new faceless enemy. This investigation calls attention to the future of all Pacific islanders who are left to the predicament of having to leave their homes and their home country. This raises the question as to whether International Law fully prepared to handle this new global crisis. Jeopardising sovereignty, through the loss of the vital elements that constitute a State (especially territory and population), what should be the role of the international community? Considering the existing legal framework and the refugee crisis that already has been undermining all the efforts to a future of peace, an enquiry into the legal framework that can allow the international community to find mechanisms that meet this new global crisis seems imperative. This research thus aims to bring together the legal instruments and international norms that are, however hopelessly, attempting to tackle the dire implications of the rise of sea levels upon populations for whom the size of these small islands has always been enough. To offer them solutions at the policy-making and law-making levels, a closer look at the instruments already made available, as well as an analysis of the legal rights and state duties involved in the process is in order if we wish to contribute to the theoretical debate with new analytical tools and normative suggestions.
In a world where the effects of climate change are deeply felt at both the local and global levels, leading to the displacement of millions of people, to famine and death, and even to the disappearance of entire states, a wider and greater consensus around the need for international cooperation would have been expected. Mobilising political wills at the global level and catalysing the necessary resources to meet claims of its victims seems, however, a yet unreachable horizon. Instead, climate change agreements are being revoked and the asylum claims of its victims denied while countries vanish away, particularly the Small Island States of the Pacific Ocean. Entire populations become stateless, deprived of their most basic human rights. With no humanitarian aid to assist them, they witness the silence of an international community that seems disarmed to confront this new faceless enemy. This investigation calls attention to the future of all Pacific islanders who are left to the predicament of having to leave their homes and their home country. This raises the question as to whether International Law fully prepared to handle this new global crisis. Jeopardising sovereignty, through the loss of the vital elements that constitute a State (especially territory and population), what should be the role of the international community? Considering the existing legal framework and the refugee crisis that already has been undermining all the efforts to a future of peace, an enquiry into the legal framework that can allow the international community to find mechanisms that meet this new global crisis seems imperative. This research thus aims to bring together the legal instruments and international norms that are, however hopelessly, attempting to tackle the dire implications of the rise of sea levels upon populations for whom the size of these small islands has always been enough. To offer them solutions at the policy-making and law-making levels, a closer look at the instruments already made available, as well as an analysis of the legal rights and state duties involved in the process is in order if we wish to contribute to the theoretical debate with new analytical tools and normative suggestions.
Description
Keywords
Aquecimento Global Pequenas Ilhas do Pacífico Deslocamento Ambiental Migração Climática Statelessness