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Authors
Abstract(s)
O efeito do fumo do tabaco representa um dos maiores desafios mundiais de
saúde, devido à sua alta prevalência a nível mundial e à elevada morbilidade e
mortalidade resultantes das suas inúmeras complicações. Uma vez que o número de
fumadores está a aumentar em todo o mundo, é importante compreender
completamente o impacto na reprodução humana e os riscos associados ao fumo do
cigarro. O objectivo desta dissertação de mestrado é realizar uma revisão bibliográfica
sistemática sobre o impacto do fumo do cigarro na espermatogénese e,
consequentemente, na fertilidade masculina, bem como procurar elucidar os
mecanismos patofisiológicos que contribuem para este problema. Vários estudos
demonstraram que o fumo do tabaco afecta negativamente a espermatogénese,
comprometendo assim a fertilidade masculina. Provoca significativas alterações
cromossómicas e no ADN dos espermatozóides, sendo a aneuploidia a alteração mais
prevalente. É responsável por provocar também alterações no volume e densidade do
esperma, bem como na morfologia e mobilidade dos espermatozóides. O fumo do
tabaco é ainda capaz de provocar alterações nos níveis e secreções hormonais,
alterando também, consequentemente, a espermatogénese. Pode ainda ser
responsável pela alteração da normal constituição do fluido seminal. Com base nas
publicações existentes é possível concluir que o fumo do cigarro afecta negativamente
a qualidade do esperma, por interferência a vários níveis na espermatogénese,
acarretando, por isso, consequências nefastas para a fertilidade masculina. Embora
estudos em modelos animais tenham demonstrado que o fumo do cigarro é
responsável por alterações na espermatogénese e, consequentemente, na fertilidade,
estão ainda por elucidar alguns mecanismos patofisiológicos que conduzem a estas alterações. Deste modo torna‐se necessário realizar estudos que visem detalhar as
alterações celulares e moleculares na relação tabaco/fertilidade.
The effect of smoking is a major global health challenge, due to its high prevalence worldwide and to the high morbidity and mortality resulting from its many complications. Since the number of smokers is increasing worldwide, it is important to fully understand the impact on human reproduction as well as the smoking associated risks. The objective of this dissertation is to perform a systematic literature review on the impact of smoking on spermatogenesis and, therefore, in male fertility. We also seek to elucidate the pathophysiological mechanisms contributing to this problem. Several studies have shown that tobacco smoke adversely affects spermatogenesis and, consequently, compromises male fertility. It causes significant changes in sperm DNA and chromosomes, being aneuploidy the most prevalent of all. Smoking is also responsible for changes in semen volume and density, as well as in sperm morphology and mobility. Tobacco smoke is also able to cause changes in secretion and hormone levels, consequently affecting spermatogenesis. It may also be responsible for altering the normal formation of seminal fluid. Based on available publications, it can be concluded that smoking adversely affects sperm quality, once it interferes at various levels in spermatogenesis, thus causing adverse effects on male fertility. Although studies in animal models have shown that smoking is responsible for changes in spermatogenesis and, therefore, in fertility, the pathophysiologic mechanisms leading to these changes remain to be elucidated. Thus, it is necessary to conduct studies aimed at detailing the molecular and cellular changes in the relationship tobacco/fertility.
The effect of smoking is a major global health challenge, due to its high prevalence worldwide and to the high morbidity and mortality resulting from its many complications. Since the number of smokers is increasing worldwide, it is important to fully understand the impact on human reproduction as well as the smoking associated risks. The objective of this dissertation is to perform a systematic literature review on the impact of smoking on spermatogenesis and, therefore, in male fertility. We also seek to elucidate the pathophysiological mechanisms contributing to this problem. Several studies have shown that tobacco smoke adversely affects spermatogenesis and, consequently, compromises male fertility. It causes significant changes in sperm DNA and chromosomes, being aneuploidy the most prevalent of all. Smoking is also responsible for changes in semen volume and density, as well as in sperm morphology and mobility. Tobacco smoke is also able to cause changes in secretion and hormone levels, consequently affecting spermatogenesis. It may also be responsible for altering the normal formation of seminal fluid. Based on available publications, it can be concluded that smoking adversely affects sperm quality, once it interferes at various levels in spermatogenesis, thus causing adverse effects on male fertility. Although studies in animal models have shown that smoking is responsible for changes in spermatogenesis and, therefore, in fertility, the pathophysiologic mechanisms leading to these changes remain to be elucidated. Thus, it is necessary to conduct studies aimed at detailing the molecular and cellular changes in the relationship tobacco/fertility.
Description
Keywords
Fertilidade masculina - Tabaco Espermatogénese - Tabaco Tabaco - Homem - Aspectos hormonais
Pedagogical Context
Citation
Publisher
Universidade da Beira Interior