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Abstract(s)
Introdução: A saúde mental é influenciada por diversos determinantes sociais e económicos, nomeadamente a situação de emprego/desemprego e o meio sociogeográfico (urbano/rural). Esta investigação foi realizada com o propósito de explorar o impacto que a situação face ao trabalho (emprego/desemprego) tem na saúde mental dos indivíduos e estudar se o meio rural funciona como protetor na saúde mental dos indivíduos desempregados, relativamente aos que vivem em meio urbano.
Métodos: A investigação foi conduzida como um estudo de caso-controlo tendo sido aplicado um questionário a duas amostras independentes de indivíduos empregados e desempregados, residentes em meio urbano e em meio rural. A amostra total incluiu 125 participantes. Uma das amostras era constituída por 62 participantes em situação de desemprego dos quais 46,8% viviam em meio urbano e tinha uma média de idade de 37,5 anos (DP=11,4). A amostra relativa aos indivíduos empregados era constituída por 63 participantes dos quais 52,4% habitavam em meio urbano, cuja média de idade era 37,5 anos (DP=11,0). A aplicação dos questionários foi feita durante o mês de Julho de 2013 no Porto (meio urbano) e em zonas rurais da vila de Castelo de Paiva.
Resultados: Os indivíduos em situação de desemprego apresentaram níveis médios de depressão, perda de controlo comportamental/emocional e distress psicológico superiores aos empregados (p <0,05). Pelo contrário os indivíduos em situação de emprego apresentaram níveis médios de saúde mental superiores aos em situação de desemprego (p <0,05). As mulheres apresentaram níveis médios de ansiedade, depressão, perda de controlo emocional/comportamental e o distress psicológico superiores aos dos homens da amostra. A idade dos participantes não desempenhou qualquer papel preditivo na escala total da saúde mental nem das subescalas. Os participantes que se encontravam em situação de desemprego entre 3-18 meses, apresentaram níveis médios de depressão, ansiedade, perda de controlo comportamental/emocional e o distress psicológico mais baixos do que os indivíduos das categorias menos de 3 meses e mais de 18 meses.
Conclusão: No presente Estudo verificou-se que a situação profissional de desemprego influencia a saúde mental. O meio sociogeográfico (rural/urbano) não apresentou influência na saúde mental dos participantes, não se confirmando a hipótese que o meio rural poderá funcionar como fator protetor para os indivíduos desempregados. Estes resultados e as conclusões poderão contribuir para uma resposta mais adequada dos serviços locais de saúde aos problemas de saúde mental e uma melhor prestação dos cuidados de saúde em geral.
Introduction: Mental health is influenced by several social and economic determinants, including employment / unemployment status and environment (urban / rural). This research aims to explore the impact of employment status on mental health and to study if the rural environment acts as a protective factor of mental health towards unemployed Individuals, compared to those who live in urban environment. Methods: The investigation was conducted as a case-control using a questionnaire to collect data in to two independent samples of individuals employed and unemployed, both residents in urban and rural areas. The total sample included 125 participants. One sample consisted of 62 participants unemployed of which 46.8% lived in urban areas with an average of 37.5 years old (SD = 11.4). The sample for employed participants consisted of 63 individuals of which 52.4% lived in urban areas. The average age was 37.5 years old (SD = 11.4). The research has been conducted during the month of July 2013 in Porto (urban area) and in rural areas of the municipality of Castelo de Paiva. Results: Unemployed individuals showed average levels of depression, loss of behavioural / emotional control and psychological distress higher than employed (p < 0.05). Individuals holding an employment showed higher levels of mental health than unemployed (p < 0.05). Women showed average levels of anxiety, depression, loss of emotional / behavioural control and psychological distress higher than men. Participants' age played no predictive role in the overall scale of mental health nor subscales. Participants who were unemployed between 3-18 months, showed average levels of depression, anxiety, loss of behavioural / emotional control and psychological distress lower than individuals unemployed for less than 3 months or over 18 months. Conclusion: The research found that unemployment influences mental health. In opposite, the environment (rural / urban) did not influence the mental health of the participants in our sample, this finding do not confirm the hypothesis that rural areas can function as protective factor for unemployed individuals. The results and conclusions of the research may contribute to a tailored answer to mental health problems and better delivery of health care in general.
Introduction: Mental health is influenced by several social and economic determinants, including employment / unemployment status and environment (urban / rural). This research aims to explore the impact of employment status on mental health and to study if the rural environment acts as a protective factor of mental health towards unemployed Individuals, compared to those who live in urban environment. Methods: The investigation was conducted as a case-control using a questionnaire to collect data in to two independent samples of individuals employed and unemployed, both residents in urban and rural areas. The total sample included 125 participants. One sample consisted of 62 participants unemployed of which 46.8% lived in urban areas with an average of 37.5 years old (SD = 11.4). The sample for employed participants consisted of 63 individuals of which 52.4% lived in urban areas. The average age was 37.5 years old (SD = 11.4). The research has been conducted during the month of July 2013 in Porto (urban area) and in rural areas of the municipality of Castelo de Paiva. Results: Unemployed individuals showed average levels of depression, loss of behavioural / emotional control and psychological distress higher than employed (p < 0.05). Individuals holding an employment showed higher levels of mental health than unemployed (p < 0.05). Women showed average levels of anxiety, depression, loss of emotional / behavioural control and psychological distress higher than men. Participants' age played no predictive role in the overall scale of mental health nor subscales. Participants who were unemployed between 3-18 months, showed average levels of depression, anxiety, loss of behavioural / emotional control and psychological distress lower than individuals unemployed for less than 3 months or over 18 months. Conclusion: The research found that unemployment influences mental health. In opposite, the environment (rural / urban) did not influence the mental health of the participants in our sample, this finding do not confirm the hypothesis that rural areas can function as protective factor for unemployed individuals. The results and conclusions of the research may contribute to a tailored answer to mental health problems and better delivery of health care in general.
Description
Keywords
Desemprego Meio Rural Meio Sociogeográfico Meio Urbano Saúde Mental