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Abstract(s)
A vida de um indivíduo altera-se com o diagnóstico de cancro, nomeadamente de
cancro da mama, a todos os níveis. No processo de acompanhamento do doente e com o
intuito de potenciar a qualidade da sobrevivência, há que incluir na avaliação deste, as
implicações da doença e dos tratamentos na vida pessoal, social e familiar, bem como
avaliar e compreender como gerem o impacto do cancro e as transformações em todos
os domínios da vida. No presente, um crescente número de pessoas sobrevive ao cancro
e vive para além deste por longos anos, razão pela qual deve ser dada maior atenção e
importância aos problemas relacionados com a ansiedade, depressão e a qualidade de
vida, bem como, estudar fatores que possam diminuir os efeitos adversos da doença e
dos tratamentos. A prática regular de exercício físico tem sido defendida como um fator
com benefíciona saúde física, mental e na qualidade de vida dos sobreviventes de cancro,
contudo, apesar da crescente evidência, poucos sobreviventes recebem essa indicação
dos profissionais de saúde e existe pouca evidência científica da prática efetiva dos
sobreviventes, especialmente em algumas áreas regionais, como a região da Beira
Interior de Portugal.
O presente estudo tem como objetivo avaliar e caracterizar diferentes variáveis
emocionais,qualidade de vida e exercício físico de sobreviventes de cancro da mama da
Beira interior de Portugal, bem como a relação destas com o exercício físico. A amostra
de 41 sobreviventes de cancro da mama, do sexo feminino com idades compreendidas
entre os 39 e os 68 anos (M= 53.95; DP= 7.823), foi recolhida por conveniência na região
da Beira Interior, com um grupo com prática de exercício sistemático específico para esta
população (n = 18) e um grupo equivalente sem essa prática (n = 23). Para avaliação
foram utilizados os seguintes instrumentos: o questionário sociodemográfico e clínico; a
Escala de Ansiedade e Depressão Hospitalar (EADH); o Questionário de Saúde do
Paciente-9 (PHQ-9) e O Questionário de Qualidade de vida EORTC QLQ-C30 V3.
Os resultados descritivos indicam que na amostra de conveniência dos
sobreviventes da região da Beira Interior de Portugal, 65.2% praticam exercício físico,
(26.1%) uma a duas vezes por semana, maioritariamente caminhadas. 69.6% indica que
o mesmo foi recomendado por profissionais, sendo que 21.7% indicam que o assunto não
foi abordado, sendo a opinião da maioria dos profissionais (65.2%) que recomendaram
positiva. A amostra (n=41) do estudo revela níveis médios normativos de qualidade de
vida, bem como, valores normativos de ansiedade (avaliada pela EADH). No entanto,
apresenta valores tangenciais de depressão avaliada pela EADH e pelo PHQ-9. Apesar dos valores médios encontrados, a avaliação com EADH revelou que: 6 (14.6%)
participantes apresentaram pontuações borderline de ansiedade e 2 (4.9%)
sintomatologia ansiosa com necessidade de atenção clínica; 7 (17.1%) sobreviventes com
pontuações borderline de depressão e 10 (24.4%) sobreviventes com sintomatologia
relevante clinicamente. A avaliação com o PHQ-9 revelou que 19 (46.3%) sobreviventes
apresentaram sintomatologia depressiva relevante para atenção clínica. Neste sentido, a
avaliação do grupo com intervenção revelou que: 1 (5.6%) participante apresentou
pontuações borderline de ansiedade e 1 (5.6%) participante sintomatologia de ansiedade
com necessidade de atenção clínica quando avaliados pela EADH, 3 (16.7%)
participantes pontuações borderline e 5 (27.8%) sintomatologia com necessidade de
atenção clínica quando avaliadas pela EADH em relação à depressão, 50% apresentou
sintomatologia depressiva relevante para atenção clínica avaliada pelo PHQ-9. A
avaliação do grupo de controlo revelou que: 5 (21.7%) participantes demonstraram
pontuações borderline e 1 (4.3%) sintomatologia com necessidade de atenção clínica em
relação à ansiedade avaliada pelaEADH, a avaliação da depressão pela EADH revelou 4
(17.4%) participantes com pontuações borderline e sintomatologia com necessidade de
atenção clínica para 5 (21.7%) sobreviventes, e 10 (43.4%) participantes com
sintomatologia depressiva relevante para atenção clínica avaliada pelo PHQ-9.
Obtiveram-se correlações significativas entre as variáveis sociodemográficas e clínicas, e
as variáveis emocionais (ansiedade e depressão) e de qualidade de vida, bem como
correlações significativas entre as variáveis emocionais e a qualidade de vida. Não se
verificaram, contudo, diferenças significativas entre os grupos, com e sem programa de
exercício físico. São discutidos os resultados e as implicações para a investigação futura
e para a prática clínica com esta população.
An individual's life changes with the diagnosis of cancer, particularly breast cancer, at all levels. In the process of monitoring the patient and in order to maximise the quality of survival, the implications of the disease and treatment on personal, social and family life must be included in the patient's assessment, as well as evaluating and understanding how they manage the impact of cancer and the changes in all areas of life. Today, a growing number of people survive cancer and live beyond it for many years, which is why greater attention and importance should be given to problems related to anxiety, depression and quality of life, as well as studying factors that can reduce the adverse effects of the disease and treatments. The regular practice of physical exercise has been advocated as a factor with benefits for the physical and mental health and quality of life of cancer survivors, however, despite the growing evidence, few survivors receive this indication from health professionals and there is little scientific evidence of the effective practice of survivors, especially in some regional areas, such as the Beira Interior region of Portugal. The aim of this study was to assess and characterise different emotional variables, quality of life and physical exercise in breast cancer survivors from the Beira Interior of Portugal, as well as their relationship with physical exercise. The sample of 41 female breast cancer survivors, aged between 39 and 68 (M = 53.95; SD = 7.823), was collected by convenience in the Beira Interior region, with a group that practised systematic exercise specifically for this population (n = 18) and an equivalent group that did not (n = 23). The following instruments were used for assessment: the sociodemographic and clinical questionnaire; the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS); the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and the EORTC QLQ-C30 Quality of Life Questionnaire V3. The descriptive results indicate that in the convenience sample of survivors from the Beira Interior region of Portugal, 65.2% practice physical exercise, (26.1%) once or twice a week, mostly walking. 69.6% indicated that it had been recommended by professionals, while 21.7% indicated that the subject had not been broached, and the opinion of most professionals (65.2%) who recommended it was positive. The study sample (n = 41) shows average normative levels of quality of life, as well as normative values for anxiety (assessed by the HADS). However, it shows tangential values for depression as assessed by the HADS and the PHQ-9. Despite the average values found, the HADS assessment revealed that: 6 (14.6%) participants presented borderline anxiety scores and 2 (4.9%) anxious symptomatology in need of clinical attention; 7 (17.1%) survivors with borderline depression scores and 10 (24.4%) survivors with clinical aetiology. The PHQ-9 assessment revealed that 19 (46.3%) survivors had depressive symptoms relevant to clinical attention. In this sense, the evaluation of the intervention group revealed that: 1 (5.6%) participant presented borderline anxiety scores and 1 (5.6%) participant anxiety symptomatology in need of clinical attention when assessed by the HADS, 3 (16.7%) participants borderline scores and 5 (27.8%) symptomatology in need of clinical attention when assessed by the HADS in relation to depression, 50% had depressive symptoms relevant to clinical attention as assessed by the PHQ-9. The assessment of the control group revealed that: 5 (21.7%) participants demonstrated borderline scores and 1 (4.3%) symptomatology in need of clinical attention in relation to anxiety assessed by the HADS, the assessment of depression by the HADS revealed 4 (17.4%) participants with borderline scores and symptomatology in need of clinical attention for 5 (21.7%) survivor, and 10 (43.4%) participants with depressive symptomatology relevant to clinical attention assessed by the PHQ-9. There were significant correlations between sociodemographic and clinical variables and emotional variables (anxiety and depression) and quality of life, as well as significant correlations between emotional variables and quality of life. However, there we re no significant differences between the groups with and without a physical exercise programme. The results and implications for future research and clinical practice with this population are discussed.
An individual's life changes with the diagnosis of cancer, particularly breast cancer, at all levels. In the process of monitoring the patient and in order to maximise the quality of survival, the implications of the disease and treatment on personal, social and family life must be included in the patient's assessment, as well as evaluating and understanding how they manage the impact of cancer and the changes in all areas of life. Today, a growing number of people survive cancer and live beyond it for many years, which is why greater attention and importance should be given to problems related to anxiety, depression and quality of life, as well as studying factors that can reduce the adverse effects of the disease and treatments. The regular practice of physical exercise has been advocated as a factor with benefits for the physical and mental health and quality of life of cancer survivors, however, despite the growing evidence, few survivors receive this indication from health professionals and there is little scientific evidence of the effective practice of survivors, especially in some regional areas, such as the Beira Interior region of Portugal. The aim of this study was to assess and characterise different emotional variables, quality of life and physical exercise in breast cancer survivors from the Beira Interior of Portugal, as well as their relationship with physical exercise. The sample of 41 female breast cancer survivors, aged between 39 and 68 (M = 53.95; SD = 7.823), was collected by convenience in the Beira Interior region, with a group that practised systematic exercise specifically for this population (n = 18) and an equivalent group that did not (n = 23). The following instruments were used for assessment: the sociodemographic and clinical questionnaire; the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS); the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and the EORTC QLQ-C30 Quality of Life Questionnaire V3. The descriptive results indicate that in the convenience sample of survivors from the Beira Interior region of Portugal, 65.2% practice physical exercise, (26.1%) once or twice a week, mostly walking. 69.6% indicated that it had been recommended by professionals, while 21.7% indicated that the subject had not been broached, and the opinion of most professionals (65.2%) who recommended it was positive. The study sample (n = 41) shows average normative levels of quality of life, as well as normative values for anxiety (assessed by the HADS). However, it shows tangential values for depression as assessed by the HADS and the PHQ-9. Despite the average values found, the HADS assessment revealed that: 6 (14.6%) participants presented borderline anxiety scores and 2 (4.9%) anxious symptomatology in need of clinical attention; 7 (17.1%) survivors with borderline depression scores and 10 (24.4%) survivors with clinical aetiology. The PHQ-9 assessment revealed that 19 (46.3%) survivors had depressive symptoms relevant to clinical attention. In this sense, the evaluation of the intervention group revealed that: 1 (5.6%) participant presented borderline anxiety scores and 1 (5.6%) participant anxiety symptomatology in need of clinical attention when assessed by the HADS, 3 (16.7%) participants borderline scores and 5 (27.8%) symptomatology in need of clinical attention when assessed by the HADS in relation to depression, 50% had depressive symptoms relevant to clinical attention as assessed by the PHQ-9. The assessment of the control group revealed that: 5 (21.7%) participants demonstrated borderline scores and 1 (4.3%) symptomatology in need of clinical attention in relation to anxiety assessed by the HADS, the assessment of depression by the HADS revealed 4 (17.4%) participants with borderline scores and symptomatology in need of clinical attention for 5 (21.7%) survivor, and 10 (43.4%) participants with depressive symptomatology relevant to clinical attention assessed by the PHQ-9. There were significant correlations between sociodemographic and clinical variables and emotional variables (anxiety and depression) and quality of life, as well as significant correlations between emotional variables and quality of life. However, there we re no significant differences between the groups with and without a physical exercise programme. The results and implications for future research and clinical practice with this population are discussed.
Description
Keywords
Beira Interior de Portugal Cancro
da Mama E Xercício Físico Qualidade de Vida Sintomatologia de Ansiedade e de Depressão