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Abstract(s)
Introdução: O aleitamento materno tem importantes implicações na saúde pública. O seu
impacto positivo na saúde das crianças e das mães que amamentam está bem fundamentado
na evidência científica de numerosos estudos publicados. Dada a importância do leite
materno, torna-se preponderante o papel do profissional de saúde na promoção do
aleitamento materno. No entanto, tem-se verificado uma falta de preparação dos médicos
nesta área, o que tem contribuído para a elevada taxa de abandono precoce do aleitamento
materno encontrada em Portugal.
Objetivos: Analisar os conhecimentos em aleitamento materno dos finalistas de Medicina das
universidades portuguesas, averiguar em que altura do curso e de que forma esses
conhecimentos foram adquiridos, e saber qual o nível de autoconfiança dos alunos para
prestar assistência às mulheres que amamentam.
Métodos: Estudo observacional transversal descritivo, com componente analítica, baseado na
aplicação de um questionário online sobre aleitamento materno aos finalistas do Mestrado
Integrado em Medicina das oito faculdades de Medicina portuguesas, do ano letivo 2012/2013.
A técnica de amostragem foi não probabilística, com seleção de uma amostra de
conveniência. Procedeu-se à análise descritiva quantitativa das variáveis contidas no
questionário e também à análise bivariada para testar possíveis associações entre estas. Para
tal, recorreu-se aos programas SPSS Statistics 19® e Microsoft Excel 2010®.
Resultados: A amostra foi constituída por 261 alunos. A informação sobre aleitamento
materno foi transmitida principalmente nos anos clínicos, essencialmente sob a forma de
comunicações orais. 67% dos estudantes não contactaram mais do que duas vezes com o tema
na prática clínica. Apesar de 75,1% dos inquiridos considerar muito importante o tema do
aleitamento materno, 80,5% revelaram sentir-se insuficiente ou apenas razoavelmente
preparados para prestar assistência às mulheres que amamentam, tendo-se detetado défices
significativos ao nível dos seus conhecimentos nesta área. A média das classificações da
avaliação global dos conhecimentos foi 42,4%, sendo que 74,3% dos alunos obtiveram
classificação inferior a 50%. Quer a autoconfiança dos alunos na sua preparação, quer a
frequência de observação de ações relacionadas com o tema, correlacionaram-se
positivamente com o nível de conhecimentos. Métodos ativos de aprendizagem relacionam-se
com um melhor desempenho ao nível dos conhecimentos.
Discussão/Conclusão: As habilidades e competências relacionadas com o aleitamento
materno são um aspeto importante mas negligenciado na formação pré-graduada dos
médicos. As deficiências ao nível dos conhecimentos apresentadas neste estudo revelam a má
preparação da maioria dos finalistas para prestar assistência às mulheres que amamentam.
Poderá então este estudo ser um ponto de partida para propor a incorporação de um currículo
em aleitamento materno adequado no Mestrado Integrado em Medicina.
Introduction: Breastfeeding has important implications on public health. Its impact on the health of children and mothers who breastfeed is well founded on scientific evidence presented on numerous published studies. Given the importance of breastmilk, the role of the health professional in promoting breastfeeding has become preponderant. However, a lack of medical preparation in this area was found, which has been contributing to the high early breastfeeding discontinuation rate in Portugal. Objectives: Analyze the knowledge about breastfeeding of the Medicine finalists of the Portuguese universities, ascertain at what time of the course and in what way that knowledge was acquired, and determine the students’ level of confidence in providing assistance to women who breastfeed. Methods: Observational and descriptive study, based on the application of an online survey about breastfeeding to the finalists of the Integrated Master in Medicine from the eight Portuguese Medicine faculties, of the academic year 2012/2013. The sampling technique was nonprobabilistic, with the selection of a convenience sample. A quantitative descriptive analysis of the variables included in the survey was performed, as well as a bivariate analysis to test possible associations between these. For that, two different computer programs were used, namely SPSS Statistics 19® and Microsoft Excel 2010®. Results: The sample consisted of 261 students. Information about breastfeeding was transmitted mainly in the clinical years, essentially in the form of oral communications. 67% of the students did not contact more than twice with the theme in clinical practice. Although 75,1% of the inquired consider the topic of breastfeeding very important, 80,5% revealed feeling insufficiently or only reasonably prepared to assist women who breastfeed, with significant deficits in their knowledge in this field having been detected. The average grade for the global knowledge assessment was 42,4%, with 74,3% of the students having a grade lower than 50%. The self-confidence of the students about their preparation, as well as the observation frequency of actions related to the theme, correlated positively with the level of knowledge. Active learning methods are associated with better performance in terms of knowledge. Discussion/Conclusion: Skills and competencies related to breastfeeding are an important but neglected aspect in medical pre-graduate training. Knowledge deficits presented in this study reveal the poor preparation of most finalists in providing assistance to women who breastfeed. As such, this study can be a starting point for the incorporation of appropriate breastfeeding curriculum in the Integrated Master in Medicine.
Introduction: Breastfeeding has important implications on public health. Its impact on the health of children and mothers who breastfeed is well founded on scientific evidence presented on numerous published studies. Given the importance of breastmilk, the role of the health professional in promoting breastfeeding has become preponderant. However, a lack of medical preparation in this area was found, which has been contributing to the high early breastfeeding discontinuation rate in Portugal. Objectives: Analyze the knowledge about breastfeeding of the Medicine finalists of the Portuguese universities, ascertain at what time of the course and in what way that knowledge was acquired, and determine the students’ level of confidence in providing assistance to women who breastfeed. Methods: Observational and descriptive study, based on the application of an online survey about breastfeeding to the finalists of the Integrated Master in Medicine from the eight Portuguese Medicine faculties, of the academic year 2012/2013. The sampling technique was nonprobabilistic, with the selection of a convenience sample. A quantitative descriptive analysis of the variables included in the survey was performed, as well as a bivariate analysis to test possible associations between these. For that, two different computer programs were used, namely SPSS Statistics 19® and Microsoft Excel 2010®. Results: The sample consisted of 261 students. Information about breastfeeding was transmitted mainly in the clinical years, essentially in the form of oral communications. 67% of the students did not contact more than twice with the theme in clinical practice. Although 75,1% of the inquired consider the topic of breastfeeding very important, 80,5% revealed feeling insufficiently or only reasonably prepared to assist women who breastfeed, with significant deficits in their knowledge in this field having been detected. The average grade for the global knowledge assessment was 42,4%, with 74,3% of the students having a grade lower than 50%. The self-confidence of the students about their preparation, as well as the observation frequency of actions related to the theme, correlated positively with the level of knowledge. Active learning methods are associated with better performance in terms of knowledge. Discussion/Conclusion: Skills and competencies related to breastfeeding are an important but neglected aspect in medical pre-graduate training. Knowledge deficits presented in this study reveal the poor preparation of most finalists in providing assistance to women who breastfeed. As such, this study can be a starting point for the incorporation of appropriate breastfeeding curriculum in the Integrated Master in Medicine.
Description
Keywords
Aleitamento Materno Autoconfiança Conhecimentos Curricula Formação Médica