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Abstract(s)
Nesta dissertação estuda-se a relação entre o crescimento económico e a especialização sectorial. Mais concretamente aplicam-se técnicas de dados de painel dinâmicos para descobrir a relação de causalidade que poderá existir ao analisar a especialização entre diversos sectores produtivos e a performance económica dos países. Para isso foi necessário construir um conjunto significativo de indicadores de especialização para cerca de uma centena de países do mundo inteiro. Em regressões do crescimento nas quais entram factores usuais como capital físico, capital humano e o efeito convergência, os sectores que significativamente influenciam de forma positiva o crescimento são os da aeronáutica e automóvel, da maquinaria e electrónica e, surpreendentemente, o dos recursos naturais. O sector agricultura influencia significativa e negativamente o crescimento económico. A generalidade dos efeitos é independente do rendimento e da escolaridade média em cada país e em cada ano. No entanto o efeito significativo do sector de aeronáutica e automóvel está positivamente relacionado com o nível de rendimento do país. Por outro lado, o efeito negativo do sector da agricultura diminui nos países mais ricos.
In this work, the relationship between economic growth and industrial specialization is studied. In particular, dynamic panel data techniques are applied to search for the causality relationship between industrial specialization in several productive sectors and country economic performance. To this end it was necessary to construct a significant set of specialization indexes to near a hundred countries in the whole word. In the economic growth regressions in which enter the traditional growth sources, as physical capital, human capital and convergence, the industries that positively influence growth are aeronautics and automobiles, machinery and equipment and surprisingly, natural resources. Agriculture negatively influences economic growth. The generality of results are independent of income and school enrolment. However the significant effect of aeronautics and automobile industry is positively enhanced by the income level of the country each year. On the contrary, the negative effect of agriculture is diminished by the level of income.
In this work, the relationship between economic growth and industrial specialization is studied. In particular, dynamic panel data techniques are applied to search for the causality relationship between industrial specialization in several productive sectors and country economic performance. To this end it was necessary to construct a significant set of specialization indexes to near a hundred countries in the whole word. In the economic growth regressions in which enter the traditional growth sources, as physical capital, human capital and convergence, the industries that positively influence growth are aeronautics and automobiles, machinery and equipment and surprisingly, natural resources. Agriculture negatively influences economic growth. The generality of results are independent of income and school enrolment. However the significant effect of aeronautics and automobile industry is positively enhanced by the income level of the country each year. On the contrary, the negative effect of agriculture is diminished by the level of income.
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Keywords
Crescimento económico - Vantagem comparativa Crescimento económico - Indicadores de especialização