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Authors
Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
Introdução: A terapia eletroconvulsiva é um procedimento terapêutico utilizado em
psiquiatria, com mais de 80 anos, sendo muitas vezes alvo de desconfiança e ceticismo tanto
junto da sociedade civil como da comunidade médica, apesar da sua eficácia. Nos dias de
hoje a técnica é realizada com recurso a sedação e curarização, sob a forma de técnica
modificada. O estigma é uma das principais razões do protelamento no recurso a cuidados
de saúde especializados em Psiquiatria e a procedimentos como a TEC, limitando o seu
acesso. A TEC não deve ser reservada apenas como uma terapia de fim de linha, sendo
especialmente útil em situações clínicas urgentes, graves e resistentes à terapêutica.
Consideramos importante investigar as perceções e atitudes sobre a TEC em indivíduos pré
e pós-graduados de medicina, psicologia e enfermagem antes e após a visualização de TEC,
dado que terão a possibilidade de formar a perceção dos utilizadores dos cuidados de saúde
sobre esta técnica.
Objetivo: Avaliar perceções, conhecimentos e atitudes face à TEC em indivíduos pré e pósgraduados da área da saúde, assim como perceber de que modo se modificam após
visualização do procedimento in loco.
Métodos: Realizámos um estudo observacional prospetivo que consistiu na aplicação de
dois questionários anónimos a estudantes e profissionais de medicina, psicologia e
enfermagem. O primeiro questionário foi aplicado previamente à observação de uma sessão
de TEC e o segundo questionário imediatamente após. No questionário pré-TEC foram
obtidas informações sociodemográficas, sobre atitudes face à psiquiatria, fontes de
informação sobre a TEC, antecedentes psiquiátricos pessoais e familiares e também
questões sobre perceções, atitudes e conhecimentos face à terapia eletroconvulsiva. O
segundo questionário replica as questões sobre as perceções, atitudes e conhecimentos face
à TEC.
Resultados: A amostra é composta por 102 participantes, da área da medicina (82%),
psicologia (10%) e enfermagem (8%). A principal fonte de conhecimento sobre a TEC são
os filmes/séries seguida do currículo académico. Os inquiridos com 23 ou mais anos, alunos
do curso de medicina e aqueles que declararam como fonte de conhecimento acerca da TEC
o currículo e/ou estágio obtiveram um score médio global antes da TEC significativamente
mais elevado que os restantes, traduzindo-se em conhecimentos, perceções e atitudes mais
corretas. Comparando o questionário pós e pré-TEC, observou-se uma mudança
significativa em 19 dos 23 itens deste questionário, em que os participantes melhoraram
significativamente os seus conhecimentos, perceções e atitudes relativamente à TEC.
Discussão: Com os resultados obtidos é possível afirmar que a observação in loco da
terapia eletroconvulsiva melhora significativamente as perceções, conhecimentos e atitudes dos alunos e profissionais da área da saúde. Os profissionais de saúde são preponderantes
na divulgação fidedigna e desprovida de preconceito de informações em saúde. Melhorias
observadas em itens como a aceitação da técnica e na possibilidade de recomendação da
técnica a pacientes e familiares são de sobremaneira importantes, visto que contribuem
para que um maior número de pacientes possa aceder a um tratamento que poderá ser o
único e/ou melhor tratamento disponível para múltiplas patologias psiquiátricas afetivas
ou psicóticas. A visualização da TEC deverá ser uma componente curricular obrigatória
enquadrada na formação em Psiquiatria de profissionais de saúde. Sugerimos a continuação
da investigação acerca de outras formas de exposição a TEC, tais como vídeos ou seminários
que possam contribuir para uma semelhante melhoria das perceções e atitudes, bem como
aumentar a dimensão da amostra em estudos subsequentes.
Introduction: Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is a therapeutic procedure used in psychiatry, with more than 80 years, being the target of distrust and skepticism both among society and the medical community, despite its effectiveness. Nowadays the technique is performed using sedation and curarization in the form of modified technique. Stigma is one of the main reasons for delaying the use of specialized psychiatric care and procedures such as ECT, which limits its access. ECT should not be seen as last resort therapy and is especially useful in severe clinical situations and to those who are resistant to therapy. We consider it is important to investigate the perceptions and attitudes about ECT in individuals from medical, psychology and nursing degrees, before and after the visualization of ECT, since they will have the ability of forming the perception of health care users about this technique. Objective: Assess perceptions, knowledge and attitudes towards ECT in pre- and postgraduate individuals in the healthcare field, as well as perceiving how they change after viewing this procedure in loco. Methods: We conducted an observational prospective study consisting of two anonymous questionnaires to medical, psychology and nursing students. The first questionnaire was filled in prior to the observation of an ECT session and the second questionnaire immediately after. In the pre-ECT questionnaire, sociodemographic information was obtained about attitudes towards psychiatry, sources of information about ECT, personal and family psychiatric history, and also questions about knowledge, perceptions and attitudes towards electroconvulsive therapy. The second questionnaire replicated the questions about knowledge, perceptions and attitudes towards TEC. Results: We recruited 102 participants for this study, from medicine (82%), psychology (10%) and nursing (8%) degrees. The main source of knowledge about ECT were films/series followed by the academic curriculum. Participants over 22 years, medical students and those who stated the curriculum and/or internship as a source of knowledge about ECT obtained a significantly higher overall score before ECT than the others. Comparing the post and pre-ECT questionnaire, a significant improvement was observed in 19 of the 23 items in this questionnaire, meaning that participants significantly improved their knowledge, perceptions and attitudes towards ECT. Discussion: With the results obtained it is possible to affirm that on-site observation of electroconvulsive therapy significantly improves the perceptions, knowledge and attitudes of students and healthcare professionals about ECT. Healthcare professionals are important as a reliable source of health information, devoid of prejudice. Improvements observed in items such as acceptance of the technique and the possibility of recommending the technique to patients and family members are very important since they contribute to a greater number of patients being able to access a treatment that may be the only and/or best treatment available for multiple affective or psychotic psychiatric pathologies. The visualization of ECT should be a mandatory curricular component as part of healthcare profession training in Psychiatry. We suggest further research on other forms of exposure to ECT such as videos or seminars that may contribute to a similar improvement in perceptions and attitudes, as well as increasing the sample size in subsequent studies.
Introduction: Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is a therapeutic procedure used in psychiatry, with more than 80 years, being the target of distrust and skepticism both among society and the medical community, despite its effectiveness. Nowadays the technique is performed using sedation and curarization in the form of modified technique. Stigma is one of the main reasons for delaying the use of specialized psychiatric care and procedures such as ECT, which limits its access. ECT should not be seen as last resort therapy and is especially useful in severe clinical situations and to those who are resistant to therapy. We consider it is important to investigate the perceptions and attitudes about ECT in individuals from medical, psychology and nursing degrees, before and after the visualization of ECT, since they will have the ability of forming the perception of health care users about this technique. Objective: Assess perceptions, knowledge and attitudes towards ECT in pre- and postgraduate individuals in the healthcare field, as well as perceiving how they change after viewing this procedure in loco. Methods: We conducted an observational prospective study consisting of two anonymous questionnaires to medical, psychology and nursing students. The first questionnaire was filled in prior to the observation of an ECT session and the second questionnaire immediately after. In the pre-ECT questionnaire, sociodemographic information was obtained about attitudes towards psychiatry, sources of information about ECT, personal and family psychiatric history, and also questions about knowledge, perceptions and attitudes towards electroconvulsive therapy. The second questionnaire replicated the questions about knowledge, perceptions and attitudes towards TEC. Results: We recruited 102 participants for this study, from medicine (82%), psychology (10%) and nursing (8%) degrees. The main source of knowledge about ECT were films/series followed by the academic curriculum. Participants over 22 years, medical students and those who stated the curriculum and/or internship as a source of knowledge about ECT obtained a significantly higher overall score before ECT than the others. Comparing the post and pre-ECT questionnaire, a significant improvement was observed in 19 of the 23 items in this questionnaire, meaning that participants significantly improved their knowledge, perceptions and attitudes towards ECT. Discussion: With the results obtained it is possible to affirm that on-site observation of electroconvulsive therapy significantly improves the perceptions, knowledge and attitudes of students and healthcare professionals about ECT. Healthcare professionals are important as a reliable source of health information, devoid of prejudice. Improvements observed in items such as acceptance of the technique and the possibility of recommending the technique to patients and family members are very important since they contribute to a greater number of patients being able to access a treatment that may be the only and/or best treatment available for multiple affective or psychotic psychiatric pathologies. The visualization of ECT should be a mandatory curricular component as part of healthcare profession training in Psychiatry. We suggest further research on other forms of exposure to ECT such as videos or seminars that may contribute to a similar improvement in perceptions and attitudes, as well as increasing the sample size in subsequent studies.
Description
Keywords
Atitudes Estigma Perceções Tec Terapia Eletroconvulsiva