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Abstract(s)
Introdução: Os indivíduos com doença mental grave têm uma esperança média de vida 20 a 25 anos inferior à população geral. Estudos recentes mostram que esta diferença tem vindo gradualmente a aumentar, uma vez que este grupo de indivíduos não acompanha o aumento de esperança de vida que se vem observando a nível global. Neste sentido, têm sido desenvolvidos diversos estudos com o objetivo de avaliar a influência de estilos de vida, fatores sociodemográficos e clínicos.
Objetivo: Este estudo procura contribuir para a compreensão deste fenómeno em Portugal, através da realização de um perfil descritivo dos fatores de risco modificáveis que possam estar implicados.
Métodos: Estudo observacional, transversal, em doentes seguidos no serviço de psiquiatria e saúde mental do Centro Hospitalar da Cova da Beira (CHCB) no ano de 2018, baseado na análise dos processos clínicos. A análise dos dados estatísticos foi elaborada no software SPSS-21.0®.
Resultados: Foram incluídos no estudo 44 indivíduos com doença mental grave. A prevalência da SM foi de 44% (M: 50%; H: 41%). Em relação aos estilos de vida: 68% apresentam uma má alimentação, 57% são fumadores e 68% são considerados sedentários. O IMC médio foi de 29 e 70% apresentavam excesso de peso. Em relação à medicação: 39% tomava antipsicótico de 1ª geração, 77% tomava antipsicótico de 2ª geração e 36% eram polimedicados (2 ou mais antipsicóticos). Em relação aos contactos de saúde: 93% possui médico de família e 57% não fez análises nos últimos 12 meses.
Conclusão: Os resultados demonstram que a síndrome metabólica é altamente prevalente, assim como estilos de vida pouco saudáveis, associados a uma diminuição da esperança de vida. Estes reforçam a necessidade de intervenções eficazes de promoção de saúde visando a atividade física, hábitos alimentares e cessação tabágica na população de indivíduos com doença mental grave.
Introduction: Patients with severe mental illness such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder or delusional disorder have a 20-25 year life expectancy lower than the general population. Recent studies show this difference has gradually increased, since the increase in life expectancy observed globally is not followed in this group of individuals. In this sense, several studies have been developed with the objective of analyzing the influence of lifestyle, sociodemographic and clinical factors. Objective: This study aims to contribute to the understanding of this phenomenon in Portugal, namely characterizing modifiable risk factors that may be involved. Methods: Observational, cross-sectional study of patients followed in the Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health of Centro Hospitalar Cova da Beira. Data was collected by reviewing clinical documentation. Statistical data analysis was performed using SPSS Statistics-21.0® software. Results: The study included 44 individuals with severe mental illness. The prevalence of MS was 44% (M: 50%, H: 41%). Regarding lifestyles: 68% have poor diet, 57% are smokers and 68% are considered sedentary. The mean BMI was 29 and 70% were overweight. Regarding medication: 39% had a 1st generation antipsychotic, 77% had a 2nd generation antipsychotic and 36% were polymedicated (2 or more antipsychotics). Regarding health contacts: 93% have a family doctor and 57% did not make analyzes in the last 12 months. Conclusion: The results demonstrate that the metabolic syndrome is highly prevalent as well as unhealthy lifestyles associated with a decrease in life expectancy. These reinforce the need for effective health promotion interventions targeting physical activity, eating habits and smoking cessation in the population of individuals with severe mental illness.
Introduction: Patients with severe mental illness such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder or delusional disorder have a 20-25 year life expectancy lower than the general population. Recent studies show this difference has gradually increased, since the increase in life expectancy observed globally is not followed in this group of individuals. In this sense, several studies have been developed with the objective of analyzing the influence of lifestyle, sociodemographic and clinical factors. Objective: This study aims to contribute to the understanding of this phenomenon in Portugal, namely characterizing modifiable risk factors that may be involved. Methods: Observational, cross-sectional study of patients followed in the Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health of Centro Hospitalar Cova da Beira. Data was collected by reviewing clinical documentation. Statistical data analysis was performed using SPSS Statistics-21.0® software. Results: The study included 44 individuals with severe mental illness. The prevalence of MS was 44% (M: 50%, H: 41%). Regarding lifestyles: 68% have poor diet, 57% are smokers and 68% are considered sedentary. The mean BMI was 29 and 70% were overweight. Regarding medication: 39% had a 1st generation antipsychotic, 77% had a 2nd generation antipsychotic and 36% were polymedicated (2 or more antipsychotics). Regarding health contacts: 93% have a family doctor and 57% did not make analyzes in the last 12 months. Conclusion: The results demonstrate that the metabolic syndrome is highly prevalent as well as unhealthy lifestyles associated with a decrease in life expectancy. These reinforce the need for effective health promotion interventions targeting physical activity, eating habits and smoking cessation in the population of individuals with severe mental illness.
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Keywords
Contacto Com Os Serviços de Saúde Doença Mental Grave Esperança Média de Vida Fatores de Risco Síndrome Metabólica