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Publication
Os Mecanismos de Censura aplicados à Imprensa Regional
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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
O Jornalismo é procurar, dissecar, refletir e transmitir informação. O Jornalismo é uma
profissão que se pretende livre para exercer o seu trabalho qualitativamente. Contudo,
nem sempre foi assim. Nesse sentido, a presente dissertação estuda os efeitos que o
período do Estado Novo teve sobre o Jornalismo, em geral e, em particular sobre a
imprensa regional.
O regime ditatorial de António de Oliveira Salazar e, mais tarde, de Marcello Caetano
serviu-se da censura e de outras entidades que foram construídas em seu redor, para
manietar a vida pública e política de Portugal durante quatro décadas. A censura era
uma estrutura tripartida, que dividia forças com a Polícia política, a Propaganda e o
Ditador. Estas três instituições revelaram-se peças fundamentais num jogo que só era
para alguns. Do qual a sociedade foi arredada à partida. Em consequência, o
Jornalismo e a imprensa regional, não tiveram tempo de maturação e de
desenvolvimento. Apenas alguns assuntos e abordados de certa maneira eram
permitidos nos jornais e, sempre com o devido aval da censura. Os cortes podiam
incidir em qualquer peça jornalística, assim como dependiam em grande medida da
interpretação do censor.
A reflexão sobre o tema inclui uma revisão bibliográfica desde o início da atividade
jornalística com as folhas noticiosas no Antigo Regime e incluindo o Jornalismo do
século XX entre o fim da I República e o início da Ditadura Militar, para depois se
concentrar no Estado Novo e, particularmente, no período marcelista. O estudo
empírico baseia-se na análise de cortes de artigos jornalísticos do Jornal do Fundão e
do Notícias da Amadora, nos últimos anos da ditadura, bem como a análise de
relatórios censórios provenientes da Secretaria de Estado da Informação e Turismo. O
estudo empírico é ainda constituído por entrevistas feitas a antigos jornalistas (e, mais
tarde, responsáveis) dos jornais já mencionados.
Journalism is about searching, dissecting, reflecting and transmitting information. It is a profession that aims to be free to carry out its work effectively. However, it was not always like this. In this sense, this dissertation studies the effects that the Estado Novo had on Portuguese Journalism in general and, in particular, on the regional Press. The dictatorial regime of António de Oliveira Salazar and, later, Marcello Caetano made use of Censorship and other entities that were built around it, to restrain public and political life in Portugal for four decades. Censorship was a tripartite structure, which shared forces with the Political Police, Propaganda and the Dictator. These three institutions proved to be fundamental pieces in a game that was only for a few, from which society was excluded from the start. As a result, Journalism and the regional Press did not have time to mature and develop. Only certain subjects, mostly regarding state politics, were allowed in newspapers, and always with due approval from the Censorship Department. The cuts could focus on any piece of journalism and were largely dependent on the censor's interpretation. The reflection on the theme includes a bibliographical review from the beginning of journalistic activity with the news sheets from the 20th century Journalism between the end of the First Republic and the beginning of the Military Dictatorship, to then focus on the Estado Novo and, particularly, on the Marcelista period. The empirical study is based on the analysis of cuts of journalistic material from Jornal do Fundão and Notícias da Amadora, in the last years of the dictatorship, as well as the analysis of censorship reports from the Secretaria de Estado da Informação e Turismo. The empirical study also consists of interviews conducted with former journalists (and, later, those responsible) for the aforementioned newspapers.
Journalism is about searching, dissecting, reflecting and transmitting information. It is a profession that aims to be free to carry out its work effectively. However, it was not always like this. In this sense, this dissertation studies the effects that the Estado Novo had on Portuguese Journalism in general and, in particular, on the regional Press. The dictatorial regime of António de Oliveira Salazar and, later, Marcello Caetano made use of Censorship and other entities that were built around it, to restrain public and political life in Portugal for four decades. Censorship was a tripartite structure, which shared forces with the Political Police, Propaganda and the Dictator. These three institutions proved to be fundamental pieces in a game that was only for a few, from which society was excluded from the start. As a result, Journalism and the regional Press did not have time to mature and develop. Only certain subjects, mostly regarding state politics, were allowed in newspapers, and always with due approval from the Censorship Department. The cuts could focus on any piece of journalism and were largely dependent on the censor's interpretation. The reflection on the theme includes a bibliographical review from the beginning of journalistic activity with the news sheets from the 20th century Journalism between the end of the First Republic and the beginning of the Military Dictatorship, to then focus on the Estado Novo and, particularly, on the Marcelista period. The empirical study is based on the analysis of cuts of journalistic material from Jornal do Fundão and Notícias da Amadora, in the last years of the dictatorship, as well as the analysis of censorship reports from the Secretaria de Estado da Informação e Turismo. The empirical study also consists of interviews conducted with former journalists (and, later, those responsible) for the aforementioned newspapers.
Description
Keywords
Censor Censura Cortes Estado Novo Imprensa Regional Opressão