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Abstract(s)
O presente documento é parte integrante da Unidade Curricular ‘’Estágio’’ do Mestrado Integrado em Ciências Farmacêuticas e baseia-se na minha experiência na área da Farmácia Comunitária e de Investigação, de forma a obter o Grau de Mestre em Ciências Farmacêuticas.
O primeiro capítulo corresponde à componente de investigação e consiste numa revisão bibliográfica sobre o tema da exposição pré-natal a tóxicos e riscos associados para os bebés. Esta revisão focou-se no caso específico dos opióides e da síndrome de abstinência neonatal, e é intitulada de “Uso de opióides em grávidas e a síndrome de abstinência neonatal”. O uso de opiáceos durante a gravidez tem sido um problema crescente nas últimas duas décadas, tornando-se uma importante preocupação social e de saúde. O uso de tais substâncias pode ter sérias consequências no recém-nascido, e ainda graves problemas desde o ponto de vista clínico e cognitivo, incluindo a síndrome de abstinência neonatal. Essas condições são comuns quando os opiáceos são usados durante a gravidez, tornando problemática a prescrição desses tipos de substâncias. Além disso, a mãe pode desenvolver dependência de opiáceos, aumentando assim a probabilidade de a criança nascer com qualquer uma dessas condições. Neste capítulo é descrito o uso de opiáceos durante a gravidez, dando particular enfâse na síndrome de abstinência neonatal. São descritos os principais opiáceos comumente prescritos, ou seja, aqueles geralmente envolvidos em casos de dependência e/ou síndrome de abstinência neonatal. Em segundo lugar, são apresentadas e discutidas as abordagens encontradas na literatura usadas para combater estes problemas, incluindo o tratamento da mãe e do recém-nascido. Por fim, apresentam-se os tratamentos mais seguros e eficientes, bem como as perspetivas futuras, abordagens e diretrizes indicadas para a comunidade científica em relação a esse problema. O segundo capítulo diz respeito ao estágio em farmácia comunitária, realizado na Farmácia Macieira de Sarnes, em Oliveira de Azeméis, que decorreu entre 11 de setembro de 2018 e 18 de janeiro de 2019, sob orientação da Dr.ª Anabela Almeida. Neste capítulo são descritos todos os processos que decorrem dentro de uma farmácia, assim como todas as componentes éticas, legais e profissionais associadas. É nesta secção que é apresentado o efetivar dos conhecimentos adquiridos ao longo destes longos 5 anos de formação académica, e todos os processos em que estive envolvido durante o período de estágio.
The present document describes a part of the ''Internship'' curricular unit in order to obtain the Master’s Degree in Pharmaceutical Sciences and refers to the experience in Community Pharmacy and research in toxicology. The first chapter, which refers to the investigation section, consists in a bibliographic review on prenatal exposure to toxics and risks in infants. This review focused on the specific case of opioids and neonatal abstinence syndrome. Opiate use during pregnancy has been an increasing problem over the last two decades, making it an important social and health concern. The use of such substances may have serious negative outcomes in the newborn, and clinical and cognitive conditions have been reported, including neonatal abstinence syndrome, developmental problems, and lower cognitive performance. These conditions are common when opiates are used during pregnancy, making the prescription of these kinds of drugs problematic. Moreover, the mother may develop opiate addiction, thus, increasing the likelihood of the infant being born with any of those conditions. This paper reviews the use of opiates during pregnancy and focuses mainly on the neonatal abstinence syndrome. Firstly, the most commonly prescribed opiates will be identified, namely those usually involved in cases of addiction and/or neonatal abstinence syndrome. Secondly, published approaches to deal with those problems will be presented and discussed, including the treatment of both the mother and the infant. Finally, we will outline the treatments that are safest and most efficient, and will define future goals, approaches, and research directions for the scientific community regarding this problem. Second chapter refers to my experience during the curricular internship in Community Pharmacy, which took place between the 11th of September, 2018 and the 18th of January, 2019, at Farmácia Macieira de Sarnes, in Oliveira de Azeméis, under the supervision of Dr. Anabela Almeida. In this chapter, all the activities performed at the pharmacy are described, as well as the ethic, legal and professional components associated. A description of the consolidation of all the knowledge acquired during these long 5 academic years, and all the processes I was involved in during the internship period is also provided in this section.
The present document describes a part of the ''Internship'' curricular unit in order to obtain the Master’s Degree in Pharmaceutical Sciences and refers to the experience in Community Pharmacy and research in toxicology. The first chapter, which refers to the investigation section, consists in a bibliographic review on prenatal exposure to toxics and risks in infants. This review focused on the specific case of opioids and neonatal abstinence syndrome. Opiate use during pregnancy has been an increasing problem over the last two decades, making it an important social and health concern. The use of such substances may have serious negative outcomes in the newborn, and clinical and cognitive conditions have been reported, including neonatal abstinence syndrome, developmental problems, and lower cognitive performance. These conditions are common when opiates are used during pregnancy, making the prescription of these kinds of drugs problematic. Moreover, the mother may develop opiate addiction, thus, increasing the likelihood of the infant being born with any of those conditions. This paper reviews the use of opiates during pregnancy and focuses mainly on the neonatal abstinence syndrome. Firstly, the most commonly prescribed opiates will be identified, namely those usually involved in cases of addiction and/or neonatal abstinence syndrome. Secondly, published approaches to deal with those problems will be presented and discussed, including the treatment of both the mother and the infant. Finally, we will outline the treatments that are safest and most efficient, and will define future goals, approaches, and research directions for the scientific community regarding this problem. Second chapter refers to my experience during the curricular internship in Community Pharmacy, which took place between the 11th of September, 2018 and the 18th of January, 2019, at Farmácia Macieira de Sarnes, in Oliveira de Azeméis, under the supervision of Dr. Anabela Almeida. In this chapter, all the activities performed at the pharmacy are described, as well as the ethic, legal and professional components associated. A description of the consolidation of all the knowledge acquired during these long 5 academic years, and all the processes I was involved in during the internship period is also provided in this section.
Description
Keywords
Exposição A Fármacos In-Utero Farmácia Comunitária Gravidez Opióides Síndrome de Abstinência Neonatal