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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
Foi objectivo deste estudo analisar a existência do efeito da idade relativa na natação
competitiva, considerando diversos grupos etários, no género feminino e nos principais
eventos competitivos de carácter individual. Foram considerados as 50 melhores nadadoras
Portuguesas entre os 12 e os 18 anos para a maioria das competições individuais (piscina
longa) do calendário Olímpico. Na total, foram analisadas 3732 entradas de participação
competitiva, considerando-se para estudo o tempo em segundos, a pontuação FINA e o
trimestre de nascimento de cada nadadora. As diferenças na distribuição do número de
sujeitos por trimestre de nascimento foi analisada através do teste do Qui-quadrado. Para a
análise das diferenças médias no desempenho competitivo por grupo de sujeitos, recorreu-se
à análise de variância simples (Anova one-way) e sempre que aplicável o teste post-hoc de
Tukey. Foi considerado significativo um valor de p<0.05.
Os resultados mostram a existência do efeito da idade relativa na natação pura desportiva,
género feminino, em quase todos os escalões etários. A variação no desempenho desportivo
por trimestre de nascimento (p<0.05) acontece nas técnica de mariposa (100m para 12 anos
de idade), bruços (100m para 15 e 16 anos de idade) e costas (100m para 17 anos de idade).
Em conclusão, a presença do efeito da idade relativa para além de ser visível entre as
nadadoras portuguesas de elevado nível desportivo, parece influenciar adicionalmente o
desempenho em determinados eventos competitivos embora nunca na técnica de crol.
The aim of this study was to analyze the relative age effect in swimming considering different age groups, and the main individual competitive events for female swimmers. The best 50 Portuguese female swimmers aging between 12 and 18 years-old in the majority of individual swimming events (long course) were considered. It was analyzed 3732 entries of swimming events participations, considering the race time, the FINA points and the age quarter when each swimmer was born. Differences in the distribution of the date of birth (by age quarter) of the swimmers were analyzed using the Chi-square test. A one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to test for differences in seconds or points between individuals by quarter of birth year, using the Tukey test for post-hoc analysis when the F-ratio was significant. The results show the existence of relative age effect in competitive swimming in almost all age groups. The variation in swimming performance of each event by quarter of birth (p<0.05) occurs on butterfly (100m for 12 yrs old swimmers), breaststroke (100m for 15 and 16 yrs old swimmers) and backstroke events (100m for 17 yrs old swimmers). Therefore, the existence of relative age effect in competitive swimming is verified in almost all age groups, although not verified in front crawl swimming events.
The aim of this study was to analyze the relative age effect in swimming considering different age groups, and the main individual competitive events for female swimmers. The best 50 Portuguese female swimmers aging between 12 and 18 years-old in the majority of individual swimming events (long course) were considered. It was analyzed 3732 entries of swimming events participations, considering the race time, the FINA points and the age quarter when each swimmer was born. Differences in the distribution of the date of birth (by age quarter) of the swimmers were analyzed using the Chi-square test. A one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to test for differences in seconds or points between individuals by quarter of birth year, using the Tukey test for post-hoc analysis when the F-ratio was significant. The results show the existence of relative age effect in competitive swimming in almost all age groups. The variation in swimming performance of each event by quarter of birth (p<0.05) occurs on butterfly (100m for 12 yrs old swimmers), breaststroke (100m for 15 and 16 yrs old swimmers) and backstroke events (100m for 17 yrs old swimmers). Therefore, the existence of relative age effect in competitive swimming is verified in almost all age groups, although not verified in front crawl swimming events.
Description
Keywords
Natação - Mulheres - Idade Natação - Mulheres - Idade - Desempenho desportivo