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Impacto Escolar da Dor Crónica em Crianças e Adolescentes
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Abstract(s)
Introdução: A dor crónica (DC) em crianças e adolescentes constitui um problema de
saúde pública de elevada prevalência, afetando cerca de 20% desta população. Além de
comprometer a qualidade de vida, interfere significativamente no contexto escolar, uma
esfera crucial para o desenvolvimento cognitivo, emocional e social dos mais jovens. As
repercussões da DC no ambiente escolar, incluindo o absenteísmo, o desempenho e o
bem-estar escolar, carecem de uma análise integrada e abrangente.
Objetivos: Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o impacto da DC no funcionamento
escolar de crianças e adolescentes, analisando variáveis como o absenteísmo,
desempenho académico e outras associadas ao bem-estar escolar. Adicionalmente,
visou-se identificar fatores de risco e fatores mediadores que influenciem a relação entre
a DC e o contexto educacional.
Métodos: Com base nos critérios PRISMA, realizou-se uma pesquisa nas bases de dados
PubMed e Scopus. Foram incluídos estudos originais publicados entre setembro de 2018
e setembro de 2024, que abordassem crianças e adolescentes (6-19 anos) com
diagnóstico de DC, definida como dor persistente ou recorrente por mais de três meses,
e que analisassem especificamente o impacto escolar. Dos 336 artigos identificados, 21
foram incluídos na análise final.
Resultados: A análise revelou uma associação consistente entre a presença de DC e
elevadas taxas de absenteísmo escolar, particularmente em casos de dor de maior
intensidade. O desempenho académico foi negativamente impactado, especialmente em
condições de dor grave ou recorrente, e o bem-estar escolar mostrou-se comprometido,
refletindo baixos níveis de satisfação, altas prevalências de estigma associado à condição
e dificuldades nas relações interpessoais e ansiedade escolar. O absenteísmo prévio
destacou-se como o principal preditor de ausências escolares, enquanto as dificuldades
de concentração e os problemas académicos auto-percebidos mediaram parcialmente a
relação entre a DC e o menor desempenho escolar.
Conclusão: Os estudos analisados confirmam que a DC tem um impacto profundo e
multifacetado no contexto escolar. Ao identificar as variáveis do funcionamento escolar
impactadas pela dor, este trabalho preenche lacunas existentes na literatura, oferecendo
uma base para intervenções educativas e políticas de saúde pública. Estes resultados
reforçam, assim, a necessidade de abordagens multidisciplinares que integrem uma
intervenção precoce por parte dos profissionais de saúde e formação dos educadores e professores, por forma a criar ambientes escolares mais inclusivos e adaptados e a
mitigar os efeitos negativos da DC no percurso académico das crianças e adolescentes.
Introduction: Chronic pain in children and adolescents is a highly prevalent public health problem, affecting approximately 20% of this population. In addition to compromising quality of life, it significantly interferes with the school environment, which is crucial for the cognitive, emotional and social development of young people. The repercussions of chronic pain in the school environment, including absenteeism, academic performance and school well-being, require an integrated and comprehensive analysis. Objectives: This study aimed to assess the impact of chronic pain on the school functioning of children and adolescents, analyzing variables such as absenteeism, academic performance and school well-being. Additionally, it aims to identify risk factors and mediators that influence the relationship between chronic pain and education. Methods: Following the PRISMA criteria, research was conducted in PubMed and Scopus databases. Included were original studies published between September 2018 and September 2024 addressing children and adolescents (6-19 years) diagnosed with chronic pain, defined as persistent or recurrent pain for more than three months, and that specifically analyzed the impact on school performence. Of the 336 articles identified, 21 were included in the final analysis. Results: The analysis revealed a consistent relation between chronic pain and high rates of school absenteeism, particularly in cases of greater pain intensity. Academic performance was negatively impacted, especially in conditions of severe or recurrent pain, and school well-being was compromised, reflecting low levels of satisfaction, high prevalence of stigma associated with the condition, difficulties in interpersonal relationships, and school anxiety. Previous absenteeism stood out as the main predictor of school absences, while concentration difficulties and self-perceived academic problems partially mediated the relationship between chronic pain and lower school performance. Conclusion: The studies analyzed confirm that chronic pain has a profound and multifaceted impact on the school context, impairing attendance, academic performance, and well-being of students. By identifying the variables of school functioning impacted by pain, this work fills gaps in literature, offering a basis for educational interventions and public health policies. These results thus reinforce the need for multidisciplinary approaches that integrate early intervention by health professionals and training of educators and teachers, in order to create more inclusive and adapted school environments and mitigate the negative effects of chronic pain on the academic path of children and adolescents.
Introduction: Chronic pain in children and adolescents is a highly prevalent public health problem, affecting approximately 20% of this population. In addition to compromising quality of life, it significantly interferes with the school environment, which is crucial for the cognitive, emotional and social development of young people. The repercussions of chronic pain in the school environment, including absenteeism, academic performance and school well-being, require an integrated and comprehensive analysis. Objectives: This study aimed to assess the impact of chronic pain on the school functioning of children and adolescents, analyzing variables such as absenteeism, academic performance and school well-being. Additionally, it aims to identify risk factors and mediators that influence the relationship between chronic pain and education. Methods: Following the PRISMA criteria, research was conducted in PubMed and Scopus databases. Included were original studies published between September 2018 and September 2024 addressing children and adolescents (6-19 years) diagnosed with chronic pain, defined as persistent or recurrent pain for more than three months, and that specifically analyzed the impact on school performence. Of the 336 articles identified, 21 were included in the final analysis. Results: The analysis revealed a consistent relation between chronic pain and high rates of school absenteeism, particularly in cases of greater pain intensity. Academic performance was negatively impacted, especially in conditions of severe or recurrent pain, and school well-being was compromised, reflecting low levels of satisfaction, high prevalence of stigma associated with the condition, difficulties in interpersonal relationships, and school anxiety. Previous absenteeism stood out as the main predictor of school absences, while concentration difficulties and self-perceived academic problems partially mediated the relationship between chronic pain and lower school performance. Conclusion: The studies analyzed confirm that chronic pain has a profound and multifaceted impact on the school context, impairing attendance, academic performance, and well-being of students. By identifying the variables of school functioning impacted by pain, this work fills gaps in literature, offering a basis for educational interventions and public health policies. These results thus reinforce the need for multidisciplinary approaches that integrate early intervention by health professionals and training of educators and teachers, in order to create more inclusive and adapted school environments and mitigate the negative effects of chronic pain on the academic path of children and adolescents.
Description
Keywords
Absenteísmo
Escolar Adolescentes Bem-Estar Escolar Crianças Desempenho Académico Dor Crónica Funcionamento Escolar