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Efeito da Hipoglicémia na Componente Cognitiva em Diabéticos Tipo 1
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| Documento em Acesso Embargado até dia 13-01-2028. Tente solicitar cópia ao autor carregando no ficheiro | 1.22 MB | Adobe PDF |
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Abstract(s)
A Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1 (DMT1) é uma patologia crónica de natureza endócrinometabólica caracterizada pela destruição das células beta pancreáticas que culmina numa ausência absoluta de insulina no organismo desde o início da sua manifestação. Uma vez que, a terapêutica de suporte passa pela administração regular diária de insulina por via subcutânea, existe uma maior probabilidade de surgirem episódios de hipoglicemia nestes pacientes. Segundo a American Diabetes Association, a hipoglicemia é definida por um valor de glicémia inferior a 70 mg/dL. Considerando que o cérebro humano apresenta como sua principal fonte de energia a glicose, é de esperar que durante episódios de hipoglicemia, a componente cognitiva possa estar comprometida. Assim, esta dissertação apresenta como seu principal objetivo determinar os efeitos da hipoglicemia aguda na componente cognitiva dos pacientes com DMT1 e em pessoas saudáveis sem essa doença. Além disso, pretende também aferir o impacto da hipoglicemia crónica, presente naqueles com DMT1, na componente cognitiva. Para a realização deste trabalho analisaram-se 26 artigos científicos, encontrados em diferentes bases de dados (Pubmed, Google Scholar e Elsevier), com uma amostra de 2855 indivíduos com DMT1, 664 indivíduos saudáveis sem DMT1, perfazendo um total de 3519 participantes. Após uma análise cuidada e aprofundada dos artigos científicos selecionados constatou-se que a hipoglicemia aguda apresenta um efeito negativo na memória, na atenção, na velocidade, na concentração, na aprendizagem, no planeamento, na organização, na função executiva, na coordenação visual-motora, na perceção visual, no raciocínio e na destreza manual, tanto naqueles com DMT1 como nos indivíduos saudáveis sem DMT1. Relativamente ao possível efeito da hipoglicemia crónica na componente cognitiva, verificou-se uma dualidade de resultados contraditórios, uns a favor da existência de uma interferência negativa na componente cognitiva e outros sem qualquer tipo de influência (negativa ou positiva). Deste modo, considera-se de extrema importância a realização de estudos prospetivos de longa duração, com comparações mais extensas, para que se possa perceber qual o efeito da hipoglicemia crónica na componente cognitiva.
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) is a chronic endocrine-metabolic disorder characterized by the destruction of pancreatic beta cells, leading to an absolute absence of insulin in the body from the onset of its manifestation. Since supportive therapy involves the daily subcutaneous administration of insulin, there is a higher likelihood of hypoglycemic episodes in these patients. According to the American Diabetes Association, hypoglycemia is defined as a blood glucose level below 70 mg/dL. Considering that glucose is the primary energy source for the human brain, it is expected that cognitive function may be compromised during hypoglycemic episodes. Thus, the main objective of this dissertation is to determine the effects of acute hypoglycemia on the cognitive function of T1DM patients and healthy individuals without this disease. Furthermore, it also aims to assess the impact of chronic hypoglycemia, experienced by those with T1DM, on cognitive function. To achieve this, 26 scientific articles were analyzed, sourced from various databases (PubMed, Google Scholar, and Elsevier), with a sample comprising 2,855 individuals with T1DM and 664 healthy individuals without T1DM, totaling 3,519 participants. After a careful and thorough analysis of the selected scientific articles, it was found that acute hypoglycemia negatively affects memory, attention, speed, concentration, learning, planning, organization, executive function, visuomotor coordination, visual perception, reasoning, and manual dexterity, both in individuals with T1DM and in healthy individuals without T1DM. Regarding the possible effect of chronic hypoglycemia on cognitive function, contradictory results were observed: some studies support the existence of a negative impact, while others indicate no influence (neither negative nor positive). Therefore, it is considered extremely important to conduct long-term prospective studies with broader comparisons to better understand the effects of chronic hypoglycemia on cognitive function.
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) is a chronic endocrine-metabolic disorder characterized by the destruction of pancreatic beta cells, leading to an absolute absence of insulin in the body from the onset of its manifestation. Since supportive therapy involves the daily subcutaneous administration of insulin, there is a higher likelihood of hypoglycemic episodes in these patients. According to the American Diabetes Association, hypoglycemia is defined as a blood glucose level below 70 mg/dL. Considering that glucose is the primary energy source for the human brain, it is expected that cognitive function may be compromised during hypoglycemic episodes. Thus, the main objective of this dissertation is to determine the effects of acute hypoglycemia on the cognitive function of T1DM patients and healthy individuals without this disease. Furthermore, it also aims to assess the impact of chronic hypoglycemia, experienced by those with T1DM, on cognitive function. To achieve this, 26 scientific articles were analyzed, sourced from various databases (PubMed, Google Scholar, and Elsevier), with a sample comprising 2,855 individuals with T1DM and 664 healthy individuals without T1DM, totaling 3,519 participants. After a careful and thorough analysis of the selected scientific articles, it was found that acute hypoglycemia negatively affects memory, attention, speed, concentration, learning, planning, organization, executive function, visuomotor coordination, visual perception, reasoning, and manual dexterity, both in individuals with T1DM and in healthy individuals without T1DM. Regarding the possible effect of chronic hypoglycemia on cognitive function, contradictory results were observed: some studies support the existence of a negative impact, while others indicate no influence (neither negative nor positive). Therefore, it is considered extremely important to conduct long-term prospective studies with broader comparisons to better understand the effects of chronic hypoglycemia on cognitive function.
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Keywords
Hipoglicemia Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1 Componente Cognitiva Hipoglicemia Severa Consciência Prejudicada à Hipoglicemia Volume Cerebral Hypoglycemia Cognitive Component Severe Hypoglycemia Impaired Awareness of Hypoglycemia Brain Volume